Template:yo-IPA

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The following documentation is located at Template:yo-IPA/documentation. ^[edit]

Useful links: subpage list • links • redirects • transclusions • errors (parser/module) • sandbox

This template uses Module:yo-pron to generate the IPA pronunciation of Yoruba words or text. If no parameter is provided, it will use the page-title; however, this should never be done, and a fully-tone-marked parameter should always be provided. Macrons may be excluded from vowels, per the standard orthography, but macrons must be added to syllabic nasals, "m̄" & "n̄" for the template to work properly, in-line with standard orthography.

Examples

Text	Result	Comments
Yorùbá	IPA(key): /jō.ɾù.bá/
Ẹ káàárọ̀ o	IPA(key): /ɛ̄ káàá.ɾɔ̀ ō/
Níbo ni kọ̀ǹpútà yín	IPA(key): /nĩ́.bō nĩ̄ kɔ̀.ŋ̀.k͡pú.tà jĩ́/	Syllabic nasal "n"
Gan-an ni	IPA(key): /ɡã̄ã̄ nĩ̄/	Elongated nasal vowel
Mo fẹ́ ọmọ mẹ́tàlá	IPA(key): /mō fɛ́ ɔ̄.mɔ̃̄ mɛ́.tà.lá/
Báwo ni	IPA(key): /bá.wō nĩ̄/
Ẹ máa lọ	IPA(key): /ɛ̄ máā lɔ̄/
Mo ti gbàgbé	IPA(key): /mō tī ɡ͡bà.ɡ͡bé/
Ṣé àlàáfíà ni	IPA(key): /ʃé à.làá.fí.à nĩ̄/
Mo máa ń lo ìyẹn	IPA(key): /mō máā ŋ́ lō ì.jɛ̃̄/
Ó ti nà án	IPA(key): /ó tī nã̀ ã́/
nọ́ḿbà	IPA(key): /nɔ́.ŋ́.bà/	loanword + syllabic nasal "m"
N̄ ò lè sọ èdè Faran̄sé	IPA(key): /ŋ̄ ò lè sɔ̄ è.dè fā.ɾā.ŋ̄.sé/	Two mid-tone syllabic nasals
lá'lá	IPA(key): /lá.lá/	No downstep, "to lick okra" from lá + ilá
lálàá	IPA(key): /lá.ꜜlá/	Downstep on the second syllable, "to dream a dream" from lá + àlá
yìí	IPA(key): /ꜜjí/	Downstep on the entire word
aláwo	IPA(key): /ā.lá.wō/	No downstep, "owner of a cult" from oní- + awo
aláwo	IPA(key): /ā.lá.ꜜwō/	Downstep on the third syllable, "owner of a plate" from oní- + àwo
márùn-ún-dínláàádọ́sàn-án	IPA(key): /má.ꜜɾṹ.dĩ́.láàá.dɔ́.sã́/	*Two examples of downstep (still needs to be implemented)

Parameters

|1=, |2=, etc. are used to indicate one or more pronunciations. An omitted parameter defaults to the pagename. You can indicate multiple pronunciations, e.g.

• {{yo-IPA|ràkúnmí|ràkunmí}}: IPA^(key): /ɾà.kṹ.mĩ́/, /ɾà.kũ̄.mĩ́/

|loan=1 indicates that a word in the text is a loanword (usually) from English that explicitly does not involve the automatic nasalization of vowels after the letters "m" & "n", e.g.

• {{yo-IPA|Náíjà|loan=1}} produces IPA^(key): /ná.í.d͡ʒà/ instead of IPA^(key): /nã́.ĩ́.d͡ʒà/.

|downstep=syllable number indicates that a specific syllable has an assimilated low-tone affecting it, adding ꜜ to it. To properly show as well, words that are re-spelt under the standard orthography to account for the assimilated low-tone must be sent to the template as if they have not been re-spelt. Two examples:

• {{yo-IPA|rẹ́rín|downstep=2}} must be used instead of {{yo-IPA|rẹ́rìn-ín}} to produce IPA^(key): /ɾɛ́.ꜜɾĩ́/ instead of IPA^(key): /ɾɛ́.ɾĩ̀ĩ́/.
• {{yo-IPA|ọlọ́rọ̀|downstep=3}} ("the person in question" from oní- + ọ̀rọ̀) produces IPA^(key): /ɔ̄.lɔ́.ꜜɾɔ̀/, which is a separate word from {{yo-IPA|ọlọ́rọ̀}} ("a rich person" from oní- + ọrọ̀) which produces IPA^(key): /ɔ̄.lɔ́.ɾɔ̀/.

Note: *This parameter currently only works when there is only one downstepped low-tone in the word and if it's not a multiword term.

Details

Consonants

• b is /b/.
• d is /d/.
• f is /f/.
• g is /ɡ/ (note, this is a special IPA character, not the normal g character).
• gh is /ɣ/, this exists in most dialects of Southeast and Noetheast Yorùbá
• gw is /ɡʷ/, this exists in most dialects of Southeast and Noetheast Yorùbá
• gb is /ɡ͡b/ and is a separate letter in Yoruba.
• h is /h/.
• j is /d͡ʒ/.
• k is /k/.
• l is /l/.
• m at the start of a syllable before a vowel is /m/.
  • Syllabic m (m̀, m̄, or ḿ) is /ŋ/.
  • m automatically nasalizes the vowels ọ & u outside of most loanwords, see more in the vowel section.
• n at the start of a syllable before a vowel is /n/.
  • Syllabic n (ǹ, n̄, or ń) is /ŋ/.
  • n at the end of a syllable after a vowel shows nasalization, see more in the vowel section.
  • n automatically nasalizes the vowels after it outside of most loanwords, see more in the vowel section.
• p is /k͡p/ NOT /p/.
• r is /ɾ/ NOT /r/.
• s is /s/.
• ṣ is /ʃ/.
• t is /t/.
• w is /w/.
• y is /j/.

Vowels

• a is usually /a/.
  • a after n outside of marked loanwords becomes /ã/.
  • an is /ã/.
• e is /e/ and cannot be nasalized.
• ẹ is usually /ɛ/.
  • ẹn is /ɛ̃/.
• i is usually /i/.
  • i after m & n outside of marked loanwords becomes /ĩ/.
  • in is /ĩ/.
• ị is usually /ɪ/ and only exists in word initial positions
• o is /o/ and cannot be nasalized.
• ọ is usually /ɔ/.
  • ọ after m outside of marked loanwords becomes /ɔ̃/.
  • ọn is /ɔ̃/.
• u is usually /u/.
  • u after m & n outside of marked loanwords becomes /ũ/.
  • un is /ũ/.
• ụ is usually /ʊ/.
  • ụn is /ʊ̃/.

Tones

• ◌̀ adds /◌̀/ to the vowel.
• No tone mark on vowels excluding syllabic m & n adds /◌̄/ to the vowel.
  • ◌̄ adds /◌̄/ to the vowel.
• ◌́ adds /◌́/ to the vowel.