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Based upon Verbs section of Udmurt grammar Wikipedia article.
Parameters
[edit]1=: stem2=: е or э3=: ӥ or и4=: о, for future participle and deverbal ending, if-removes o from the past participle5=: imperative ending, if-leaves infinitive stem
Usage example
[edit]Non-finite conjugation of тодыны
— first conjugation (see the appendix)
| Affirmative | Caritive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | тодыны (todyny) | – | ||
| Gerund | Past participle | Instrumental1 | тодемен (toďemen) | тодемтэен (toďemtejen) |
| Elative | тодемысь (toďemyś) | тодемтэысь (toďemteyś) | ||
| Basic | тодса (todsa) | тодтэк (todtek) | ||
| Temporal | тодку (todku) | – | ||
| Fourth | тодтозь (todtoź) | – | ||
| Participles | Present | тодӥсь (todiś) | тодӥсьтэм (todiśtem) | |
| Past | тодем (toďem) | тодемтэ (toďemte) | ||
| Future | тодоно (todono) | тодонтэм (todontem) | ||
| Deverbal | тодон (todon) | – | ||
| 1Instrumental past participle gerund are preferred in literary Udmurt. | ||||
Finite conjugation of тодыны — first conjugation (see the appendix)
| Person | Singular | Plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||
| Positive | Present | тодӥсько (todiśko) | тодӥськод (todiśkod) | тоде (toďe) | тодӥськомы (todiśkomy) | тодӥськоды (todiśkody) | тодо (todo) | |
| Future | тодо (todo) | тодод (todod) | тодоз (todoz) | тодомы (todomy) | тододы (todody) | тодозы (todozy) | ||
| Past | Preterite I | тоде (toďe) | тодед (toďed) | тодез (toďez) | тодем (toďem), тодемы (toďemy) | тодеды (toďedy) | тодезы (toďezy) | |
| Preterite II | тодӥськем (todiśkem) | тодемэд (toďemed) | тодем (toďem) | тодӥськеммы (todiśkemmy) | тодӥллямды (todilľamdy) | тодӥллям (todilľam), тодӥллямзы (todilľamzy) | ||
| Conditional | тодсал (todsal) | тодсалыд (todsalyd) | тодсал (todsal), тодсалыз (todsalyz) | тодсалмы (todsalmy) | тодсалды (todsaldy) | тодсалзы (todsalzy) | ||
| Imperative | – | тод (tod) | – | – | тоде (toďe), тоделэ (toďele) | – | ||
| Auxiliary | Pluperfect I | preterite I of тодыны + вал (val) | ||||||
| Pluperfect II | third person singular preterite II of тодыны + possessive suffixes + вал (val), or preterite II of тодыны + вылэм (vylem) | |||||||
| Durative preterite | present of тодыны + вал (val)/вылэм (vylem) | |||||||
| Frequentative preterite | future of тодыны + вал (val)/вылэм (vylem) | |||||||
| Negative | Present | уг тодӥськы | уд тодӥськы | уг тоды | ум тодӥськэ | уд тодӥськэ | уг тодо | |
| Future | уг тод, тоды | уд тод, тоды | уз тод, тоды | ум тоде | уд тоде | уз тоде | ||
| Past | Preterite I | ӧй тоды | ӧд тоды | ӧз тоды | ӧм тоде | ӧд тоде | ӧз тоде | |
| Preterite II | тодӥськымтэе (todiśkymteje) | тодымтэед (todymtejed) | тодымтэ (todymte) | тодӥськымтэмы (todiśkymtemy) | тодӥллямтэды (todilľamtedy) | тоделлямтэ (toďelľamte) | ||
| ӧвӧл тоде (toďe) | ӧвӧл тодед (toďed) | ӧвӧл тодез (toďez) | ӧвӧл тодем (toďem), тодемы (toďemy) | ӧвӧл тодеды (toďedy) | ӧвӧл тодезы (toďezy) | |||
| Conditional | ӧй (öj) + positive conditional of тодыны | |||||||
| Imperative | эн (en) + positive imperative of тодыны | |||||||
| Auxiliary | Pluperfect I | negative preterite I of тодыны + вал (val) | ||||||
| Pluperfect II | third person positive singular preterite II of тодыны + -мтэ- (-mte-) + possessive suffixes + вал (val), or positive preterite II of тодыны + -мтэ- (-mte-) + вылэм (vylem) | |||||||
| Durative preterite | уг/уд/уг/ум/уд/уг + positive durative preterite of тодыны | |||||||
| Frequentative preterite | уг/уд/уг/ум/уд/уг + positive frequentative preterite of тодыны | |||||||
{{udm-conj-1st|тод|е|ӥ|о|-|э|ъё}}
See also
[edit]