Template:pt-pre-reform
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This template is designed for terms that were written a certain way before successive orthographic agreements standardized and/or reformed word spellings.
Because the spellings weren't done at the same time in all countries, this meant that at times, the spellings in Portugal, its colonies and Brazil differed a fair amount. This is true since the very first reform, when Portugal standardized the spellings in its variation of Portuguese in 1911, creating a rift between it and Brazil's.
Usage
Parameters
|1= (required)
- The spelling that supplanted the word.
|br (required)
- The date at which the spelling was declared non-standard in Brazil. Accepted values are:
- =1, =43 or =1943: Brazil's spelling standardization in the 1940s.
- =2, =71 or =1971: Brazil's second spelling reform in 1971.
- =3, =90 or =1990: The 1990 Orthographic Agreement.
- =0: Used for Portuguese spellings that were never standard in Brazil.
- Do note that different parameter forms in the same line are all alternates of each other and work the exact same way; they're up to editors' preference.
pt (required)
- The date at which the spelling was made non-standard in Portugal. Since all the reforms (except the 1990 one) were made before it lost the African and Asian territories, all of them follow Portugal's spelling exactly, with the exception that some areas didn't ratify the 1990 agreement. Accepted values are:
- =1; =11 or =1911: Portugal's spelling standardization in 1911.
- =2, =45 or =1945: The 1945 Orthographic Agreement.
- =3, =73 or =1973: Portugal's third spelling reform in 1973.
- =4, =90 or =1990: The 1990 Orthographic Agreement.
- =0: Used for Brazilian spellings that were never standard elsewhere.
- Do note that different parameter forms in the same line are all alternates of each other and work the exact same way; they're up to editors' preference.
obs (optional)
- Even before the spelling standardizations (the very first reform in each territory), there were already spellings that had fallen out of use or were considered incorrect by contemporaries. These can get marked by obs=1
mis (optional)
- Although a big number of pre-standardization (before 1943 in Brazil, before 1911 elsewhere) forms can be recognized as being antique, some of them can show up as innocent misspellings and are commonly seen as such: misspellings, not old forms. These can get marked by mis=1. Just like the obs=1, these will also mark the form as being obsolete.
What falls where
This section is a summary of each spelling reform, which also works to inform what words fell out of favor at which points.
Portugal 1911, Brazil 1943
These spellings both got rid of erudite, etymological digraphs as well as letters that were completely silent. This includes words like hypothenusa and annuncio. Note that silent forms like "CÇ" and "PÇ" survived in Portugal until 1990 in cases where they affected the preceding vowels (by 'opening' them); they were only removed in cases where they were fully silent, as in producção and contradicção. In Brazil, such consonants are either fully pronounced or fully silent, never affecting the quality of an anteceding vowel.
- Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1943/Portugal 1911) of hipotenusa.
{{pt-pre-reform|anúncio|br=43|pt=11}}
They also did away with "MM" and "NN" digraphs where the first consonant marked nasalization of the previous consonant. However, Portugal made an exception for comummente and connosco, both of them still valid as of the 1990 reform. Since these spellings are still permitted, they do not fall under this template.
- European Portuguese standard spelling of comumente.
{{standard spelling of|pt|conosco|from=European Portuguese form}}
Although both the 1911 and 1943 reforms, as the first reforms in each country, were the ones to introduce diacritics (besides the tilde), Portugal's 1911 reform didn't disauthorize "SC" at the start of words. This means spellings like sciência were introduced to Portugal's variety only, until 1945 when they got removed in Portugal too.
- (European Portuguese spelling) Pre-reform spelling (until 1945) of ciência.
{{pt-pre-reform|ciência|br=0|pt=45}}
Due to accent differences between Brazil and Portugal, Brazil's 1943 reform introduced accentuation to "éi" paroxytones particular to itself, such as assembléia. They were only taken away in 1990.
- (Brazilian Portuguese spelling) Pre-reform spelling (until 1990) of assembleia.
{{pt-pre-reform|assembleia|br=3|pt=0}}
- Do note that this is only for "éi"; "ói" spellings were consistent between the two.
Portugal 1945/Dieresis, grave & differential accents
As mentioned in the past section, the 1945 reform did away with "SC"s at the start of words. It also disauthorized "ü"s from the language outside loanwords. Since Brazil didn't put this agreement into practice, these forms lingered in Brazil until 1990. See lingüiça:
- Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1990/Portugal 1945) of linguiça.
{{pt-pre-reform|linguiça|br=3|pt=2}}
Although "ü"s were explicitly mentioned by the Agreement's text, the forms that was actually utilized in Portugal at the time was the one introduced and mentioned by the 1911 text, where "ù" worked the way "ü" did in Brazil, as in freqùência. This too was rendered obsolete in 1945.
- (European Portuguese spelling) Pre-reform spelling (until 1945) of frequência.
{{pt-pre-reform|frequência|br=0|pt=2}}
The 1945 reform removed differential accents as well, forms where a closed E/O would receive a circumflex accent if there existed another word where the E/O was instead open. sobre from the verb sobrar and sôbre meaning "about" were spelt differently. In Brazil, these would survive until 1971.
- Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1971/Portugal 1945) of sobre.
{{pt-pre-reform|sobre|br=2|pt=2}}
Brazil 1971, Portugal 1973
As stated in the previous paragraph, differential accents were removed in 1971 for Brazil.
The 1971 reform also abolished keeping diacritics on derivatives of words with accents. Previously, words with the circumflex accent would keep them in -mente and diminutive forms, while words with the acute accent would have this diacritic turned into a grave accent. See econômicamente and àrvorezinha:
- Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1971/Portugal 1973) of economicamente.
{{pt-pre-reform|arvorezinha|br=2|pt=3}}
Portugal effected the exact same changes in 1973.
1990
This agreement removed ü in native words entirely for Brazil. This is seqüência:
- Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1990/Portugal 1945) of sequência.
{{pt-pre-reform|sequência|br=3|pt=2}}
It also removed several exceptions to the 1971/1973 "no differential accents" rule, such as pára, pêra:
- Pre-reform spelling (until 1990) of para. Still used in countries where the agreement hasn't come into effect; may occur as a sporadic misspelling.
{{pt-pre-reform|pera|br=1990|pt=1990}}
Combinations involving mute consonants were simplified in Portugal for cases where they affected preceding vowels (as in acção and excepção), even in cases where this generates new forms like receção, or espetador to mean spectator. The latter case, pertaining to forms introduced rather than removed by an agreement, are not covered under this template.
- Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1943/Portugal 1990) of ação. Still used in countries where the agreement hasn't come into effect; may occur as a sporadic misspelling.
{{pt-pre-reform|exceção|br=1|pt=4}}
For Brazil, "éi" in paroxytones were axed, while in every country, "ói" in paroxytones was abolished as well. Coréia and bóia:
- (Brazilian Portuguese spelling) Pre-reform spelling (until 1990) of Coreia.
{{pt-pre-reform|boia|br=3|pt=4}}
Lastly, plenty of terms like dia-a-dia lost their hyphenation:
- Pre-reform spelling (until 1990) of dia a dia. Still used in countries where the agreement hasn't come into effect; may occur as a sporadic misspelling.
{{pt-pre-reform|dia a dia|br=90|pt=90}}