Template:enm-conj-st/documentation
This template automatically generates a conjugation table for Middle English strong verbs; it replaces {{enm-conj}}
and offers several advancements over it.
There are three Middle English conjugation templates, all based on Module:enm-conj; the choice of template depends on the type of verb:
{{enm-conj-wk}}
: the template for weak verbs, which can be identified by their past in -d- or -t-. Most Middle English verbs are weak.{{enm-conj-st}}
: the template for strong verbs, which form their past by modifying the stem vowel.{{enm-conj-irr}}
: the template for a few verbs which are particularly irregular, including the so-called preterite-present verbs.
Details about the use of each template can be found on their documentation pages, though their operation is broadly similar.
Basic parameters
[edit]These parameters control the basic operation of the template; they should suffice for many strong verbs. However some will need the form replacement parameters detailed in the next section, especially if they have multiple variant stems.
|1=
(required) The present stem (with any endings removed). If|4=
is not specified, also forms the past participle.|2=
(required) The past singular stem (with any endings removed). If|3=
is not specified, also forms the past plural and subjunctive. If alternative stems exist, add them using|2a=
,|2a2=
, etc.|3=
(optional) The past plural/subjunctive stem (with any endings removed). If alternative stems exist, add them using|3a=
,|3a2=
, etc.|4=
(optional) The past participial stem (with any endings removed). If alternative stems exist, add them using|4a=
,|4a2=
, etc.|5=
(optional) The stem used to form the second- and third- person singular, if not predictable.|class=
or|c=
(required) Changes the class of the verb (displayed on the template header and used to categorise the verb). While any value can be entered, this should be a number from1
to7
. Multiple classes can be set using|class2=
,|class3=
, etc.|irr=
(optional) Marks the verb as an irregular strong verb; i.e. one with consonantal alternations (e.g. standen).|y=
(optional) Controls the presence of past participial variants prefixed with y-. This operates after all other parameters, so any custom past participles will automatically have variants with y- generated.|y=0
No past participles have y- added to them.|y=1
(default) The first two past participles specified receive a variant with y-; any additional ones do not.|y=2
All specified past participles receive variant with y-. If there is only one past participle, this behaves identically to|y=1
.|y=p1
The first past participle specified receives a variant with y-; any others do not. If only one past participle is specified, this behaves identically to|y=1
.|y=p2
The second past participle specified receives a variant with y-; any others do not. If only one past participle is specified, an error is returned.|y=p3
The third past participle specified receives a variant with y-; any others do not. If less than three past participles are specified, an error is returned.
|nocat=
(optional) Suppresses automatic categorisation.|nopast=
(optional) If set to anything other than0
,no
,n
, orfalse
, marks present forms as nonexistent.
If an unlisted option is entered for |y=
, it is treated as if the default option was entered.
Weak forms
[edit]In Middle English, some strong verbs have acquired an optional weak past; these parameters can be used to add such past forms.
|w_class=
or|w=
Controls the suffix used to form weak past forms. Multiple classes can be set using|w_class2=
,|w_class3=
, etc.|w_class=ed
Past forms are formed with -ed; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.|w_class=te
Weak past forms are formed with -te; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.|w_class=de
Past forms are formed with -de; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.|w_class=sl
Past forms are formed without a suffix; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.|w_class=irr
Past forms are formed unpredictably; automatically supplies the appropriate title. If enabled,|w_irr=
is required due to the forms' unpredictability.
|w_irr=
(usually optional; see above) Used to set unpredictable past forms; the exact function of this parameter depends on whether|w_class=irr
is set.- If
|w_class=
(or|w_class2=
, etc.) isirr
, this is the combined stem and suffix used to form the past, without any endings. - Otherwise, this is the stem used to form the past, without any suffixes or endings.
- If
|s=
(optional) If multiple weak classes are set, one of which isirr
,|w_irr=
will only control the forms forirr
. Any other unpredictable forms can be set with this parameter, which takes the stem (like|2=
).|w_stem=
(optional) If multiple weak past forms are set (using|w_class=
),|w_stem=
,|w_stem2=
, etc. can be used to set a different stem for each one.
Form replacement
[edit]Special parameters exist for specifying custom verb forms to replace the automatically generated forms.
To add variants for a custom-generated form, affix 2
after the second, a 3
after the third and so on (e.g. |inf=
, |inf2=
, |inf3=
and so on for the infinitive). Variants can be added while retaining some (or all) of the automatically-generated forms; this is done by making "gaps" in the enumeration of alternative forms (for example, to add a custom infinitive variant, but retain all the default forms, enter it as |inf3=
, as two infinitive forms are specified by default).
The following form replacement parameters are accepted:
|inf=
: infinitive|1s=
: first-person singular present indicative|2s=
: second-person singular present indicative|3s=
: third-person singular present indicative|p=
: plural present indicative/subjunctive|sub=
: singular present subjunctive/imperative|imp_p=
: plural imperative|part=
: present participle|p_1s=
: first/third-person singular past indicative|p_2s=
: second-person singular past indicative|p_sub=
: singular past subjunctive|p_p=
: plural past (indicative and subjunctive)|p_part=
: past participle
Note that |p_sub=
is missing from the other Middle English verb templates, as the strong verbs are the only Middle English verbs with a formally distinct past subjunctive.
The form replacement parameters accept the following special characters:
0
Marks the variant slot as blank. Useful if a form has multiple automatically-generated variants, but only one variant actually exists for that verb. For example, if a verb only has one infinitive variant,|inf2=0
can be used to suppress the second automatically-generated infinitive.—
Marks the form as nonexistent for that verb. If this is used, no other variants should be entered. For example,|inf=—
can be used to indicate that a verb has no infinitive.
Using this template
[edit]Minor variants
[edit]Solely orthographic variants (including those which display the loss of final schwa), such as third-person singular presents with -þ instead of -th or present participles with -yng instead of -ynge, should not be added when using this template. Instead, they should be listed as alternative forms on the appropriate verb form's page.