Talk:قنبيل

@Fay Freak Thanks for the ping. I'm becoming more familiar with borrowings from Arabic / Persian → Indo-Aryan languages. It's also helpful to learn more about borrowings from Indo-Aryan languages → Arabic / Persian. The intermediate languages are important. However, there's less information about them compared to Sanskrit or Hindi. Here's an overview of the intermediate stages:

c. 500 BCE – 500 CE, Prakrit (see AP:Middle Indo-Aryan Swadesh lists)

c. 500 CE – 1200 CE, Apabramsha

c. 1200 CE onwards, CAT:Old Hindi language, CAT:Old Gujarati language, CAT:Old Marathi language, etc (see AP:Early New Indo-Aryan Swadesh lists)

After the Umayyad campaigns in India during 712–740 CE, Sindh was a frontier province of the Ummayad Caliphate and Abbasid Caliphate from its conquest in 711 CE by Muhammad bin Qasim until the mid-ninth century (see Arab Sind). Therefore, if Arabic borrowed directly Indo-Aryan languages without a Persian intermediary, it may have happened during the 700s CE. That would leave enough time for the word to reach Jonah ibn Janah by 990 CE. The group of languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent during the 700s CE was Apabramsha. Wiktionary does not have much coverage of Apabramsha yet, and there is a discussion about how Wiktionary should cover Prakrit and Apabramsha at Category talk:Prakrit languages. If this entry and the descendants at आम्र (āmrá) are affected by that discussion, they can be updated.

The Apabramsha descendant of Sanskrit कमल (kamala) was also written as कमल (kamala). However, the written form tends to be more conservative compared to the hypothesised spoken form. The spoken form eventually was eventually reflected in writing as Old Hindi कवल (kavala), Old Marathi 𑘎𑘪𑘯 (kavaḷa) by 1200 CE. The Apabramsha language that would have been spoken in Sindh during the 700s CE would have been CAT:Vracada Apabhramsa language, which is the ancestor of CAT:Sindhi language. The Sindhi descendant of कमल (kamala) is:

• Sindhi:

  Arabic script: ڪَنَولُ

  Devanagari script: कंवलु

The CAT:Punjabi language descendant is

• Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਕੌਲ (kaul), ਕੰਵਲ (kãval)

  Shahmukhi script: قَول (qaul), کَن٘وَل (kaṉval)

The CAT:Hindustani languages descendant is

• Hindustani:

  Hindi: कँवल (kãval)

  Urdu: کَن٘وَل (kãval)

So for the etymology of this term (until a policy is decided upon regarding Prakrit and Apabramsha), I would suggest:

Borrowed from Vracada Apabhramsa कमल (kamala), from Paisaci Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑀴 (kamaḷa), from Sanskrit कमल (kamala). Compare later Old Hindi कवल (kavala), Old Marathi 𑘎𑘪𑘯 (kavaḷa), Sindhi ڪَنَولُ / कंवलु, Punjabi ਕੰਵਲ (kãval) / کَن٘وَل (kaṉval), Hindustani کَن٘وَل (kãval) / कँवल (kãval). Kutchkutch (talk) 09:31, 16 January 2021 (UTC)