Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/warnijan
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Proto-West Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *warnu (“refusal, denial”) + *-jan.
Verb
[edit]*warnijan[1]
Inflection
[edit]Class 1 weak | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | *warnijan | |
1st sg. past | *warnidā | |
Infinitive | *warnijan | |
Genitive infin. | *warnijannjas | |
Dative infin. | *warnijannjē | |
Instrum. infin. | *warnijannju | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | *warniju | *warnidā |
2nd singular | *warnisi | *warnidēs, *warnidōs |
3rd singular | *warniþi | *warnidē, *warnidā |
1st plural | *warnijum | *warnidum |
2nd plural | *warniþ | *warnidud |
3rd plural | *warnijanþ | *warnidun |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | *warnijē | *warnidī |
2nd singular | *warnijēs | *warnidī |
3rd singular | *warnijē | *warnidī |
1st plural | *warnijēm | *warnidīm |
2nd plural | *warnijēþ | *warnidīd |
3rd plural | *warnijēn | *warnidīn |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | *warni | |
Plural | *warniþ | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | *warnijandī | *warnid |
Descendants
[edit]- Old English: wiernan, weornan, wirnan, wyrnan
- Old Frisian: werna
- Old Saxon: wernian
- Old Dutch: *wernen
- Middle Dutch: wernen
- Old High German: wernen
- → Vulgar Latin: *guarnīre
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 242: “PWGmc *warnijan”