Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/unþahaldan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *unþa- (“away”) +‎ *haldan (“to hold, keep”).

Verb

*unþahaldan

1. to hold away, withhold
2. to keep away

Inflection

Strong class 7c
Infinitive	*unþahaldan
1st sg. past	*unþaheald
3rd pl. past	*unþahealdun
Past ptcple	*unþahaldan
Infinitive	*unþahaldan
Genitive infin.	*unþahaldannjas
Dative infin.	*unþahaldannjē
Instrum. infin.	*unþahaldannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*unþahaldu	*unþaheald
2nd singular	*unþahaldiʀi	*unþahealdī
3rd singular	*unþahaldidi	*unþaheald
1st plural	*unþahaldum	*unþahealdum
2nd plural	*unþahaldid	*unþahealdud
3rd plural	*unþahaldand	*unþahealdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*unþahaldē	*unþahealdī
2nd singular	*unþahaldēs	*unþahealdī
3rd singular	*unþahaldē	*unþahealdī
1st plural	*unþahaldēm	*unþahealdīm
2nd plural	*unþahaldēþ	*unþahealdīd
3rd plural	*unþahaldēn	*unþahealdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*unþahald
Plural	*unþahaldid
	Present	Past
Participle	*unþahaldandī	*unþahaldan

Derived terms

• *unþahaldingu

Descendants

• Old English: ōþhealdan
• Old Frisian: *undhalda
  • West Frisian: ûnthâlde
  • Saterland Frisian: undhoolde, änthoolde
• Old Saxon: *undhaldan, *andhaldan
  • Middle Low German: enthōlden, entholden, enhōlden, unhōlden, unthōlden, enthālden
    • German Low German: enthollen, inthollen
• Old Dutch: *anthaldan
  • Middle Dutch: onthouden
    • Dutch: onthouden
      • Afrikaans: onthou
      • Negerhollands: onthou van
• Old High German: *inthaltan
  • Middle High German: enthalten, enthalden
    • German: enthalten