Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/haldan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *haldaną.
Verb
[edit]*haldan[1]
Inflection
[edit]| Strong class 7c | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *haldan | |
| 1st sg. past | *heald | |
| 3rd pl. past | *healdun | |
| Past ptcple | *haldan | |
| Infinitive | *haldan | |
| Genitive infin. | *haldannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *haldannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *haldannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *haldu | *heald |
| 2nd singular | *haldiʀi | *healdī |
| 3rd singular | *haldidi | *heald |
| 1st plural | *haldum | *healdum |
| 2nd plural | *haldid | *healdud |
| 3rd plural | *haldand | *healdun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *haldē | *healdī |
| 2nd singular | *haldēs | *healdī |
| 3rd singular | *haldē | *healdī |
| 1st plural | *haldēm | *healdīm |
| 2nd plural | *haldēþ | *healdīd |
| 3rd plural | *haldēn | *healdīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *hald | |
| Plural | *haldid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *haldandī | *haldan |
Descendants
[edit]- Old English: healdan, haldan — Anglian
- Old Frisian: halda
- Old Saxon: haldan
- Old Dutch: haldan
- Old High German: haltan
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 184: “PWGmc *haldan”