Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sturjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *sturjaną, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twr̥H-yé-ti, from *(s)twerH- (“to stir up, agitate, propel”).

Verb

*sturjan

1. to stir up, agitate
2. to propel, move forward

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*sturjan
1st sg. past	*sturidā
Infinitive	*sturjan
Genitive infin.	*sturjannjas
Dative infin.	*sturjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*sturjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*sturju	*sturidā
2nd singular	*sturisi	*sturidēs, *sturidōs
3rd singular	*sturiþi	*sturidē, *sturidā
1st plural	*sturjum	*sturidum
2nd plural	*sturiþ	*sturidud
3rd plural	*sturjanþ	*sturidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*sturjē	*sturidī
2nd singular	*sturjēs	*sturidī
3rd singular	*sturjē	*sturidī
1st plural	*sturjēm	*sturidīm
2nd plural	*sturjēþ	*sturidīd
3rd plural	*sturjēn	*sturidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*sturi
Plural	*sturiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*sturjandī	*sturid

Related terms

• *staurijan
• *staur
• *sturi
• *þweran

Descendants

• Old English: styrian, stirian
  • Middle English: stiren
    • English: stir
  • → Welsh: ystwyrian
• Old Saxon: sturian
  • Middle Low German: stü̂ren
    • Low German: sturen

Further reading

• Guus Kroonen (2013) “*staurjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 476