Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spōlijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pleh₃- (“to swim, flow”); or possibly from a lost Proto-Germanic verb *spalaną (“to flow, wash”).

Alternatively, perhaps derived from or related to Proto-West Germanic *spōwijan (“to spray, squirt, flush”) and/or Proto-West Germanic *spūjōn (“to spew, spurt”).

Verb

*spōlijan

1. to wash
2. to rinse, flush

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*spōlijan
1st sg. past	*spōlidā
Infinitive	*spōlijan
Genitive infin.	*spōlijannjas
Dative infin.	*spōlijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*spōlijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*spōliju	*spōlidā
2nd singular	*spōlisi	*spōlidēs, *spōlidōs
3rd singular	*spōliþi	*spōlidē, *spōlidā
1st plural	*spōlijum	*spōlidum
2nd plural	*spōliþ	*spōlidud
3rd plural	*spōlijanþ	*spōlidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*spōlijē	*spōlidī
2nd singular	*spōlijēs	*spōlidī
3rd singular	*spōlijē	*spōlidī
1st plural	*spōlijēm	*spōlidīm
2nd plural	*spōlijēþ	*spōlidīd
3rd plural	*spōlijēn	*spōlidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*spōli
Plural	*spōliþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*spōlijandī	*spōlid

Descendants

• >? Old English: *spȳlian (for *spēlan ?)
  • ⇒ Old English: āspȳlian
• Old Frisian: *spēla
  • Saterland Frisian: späile
  • West Frisian: spiele
• Old Saxon: *spōlian
  • Middle Low German: spôlen, spoelen, spö̂len
    • German Low German:

      Altmärkisch, Westphalian (Bentheimisch, Westmünsterländisch): spöölen

      Ostfriesisch: spölen

      Westphalian:

      Dortmundisch: spaẹ̆len

      Sauerländisch (Brilon, Elpe, Schmallenberg, Drolshagen, Elspe, Kirchhundem, Selbecke), East Westphalian (Lippe): spoilen

      Sauerländisch: spailen (Kurköln), spauelen (Niedersfeld), spülen (Wenden)

    • → Danish: spule
    • → Norwegian: spyle
    • → Swedish: spola
• Old Dutch: *spuolen
  • Middle Dutch: spoelen
    • Dutch: spoelen
    • Limburgish: spöle, sjpeule
• Old High German: *spuolen (attested in irspuolen)
  • Middle High German: spüelen
    • Central Franconian: spöle, spele, spiele
      • Hunsrik: spiele
      • Luxembourgish: spullen
    • German: spülen