Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skuddjan

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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *skudjaną,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kuh₁t-yé-ti. The short u could be adopted from the related *skundijan (“to hasten”), see Proto-Germanic *skundijaną.[2]

Verb

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*skuddjan[3]

  1. to shake
  2. to shiver

Inflection

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Class 1 weak
Infinitive *skuddjan
1st sg. past *skuddā
Infinitive *skuddjan
Genitive infin. *skuddjannjas
Dative infin. *skuddjannjē
Instrum. infin. *skuddjannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *skuddju *skuddā
2nd singular *skudisi *skuddēs, *skuddōs
3rd singular *skudiþi *skuddē, *skuddā
1st plural *skuddjum *skuddum
2nd plural *skudiþ *skuddud
3rd plural *skuddjanþ *skuddun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *skuddjē *skuddī
2nd singular *skuddjēs *skuddī
3rd singular *skuddjē *skuddī
1st plural *skuddjēm *skuddīm
2nd plural *skuddjēþ *skuddīd
3rd plural *skuddjēn *skuddīn
Imperative Present
Singular *skudi
Plural *skudiþ
Present Past
Participle *skuddjandī *skudd
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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*skudjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 449
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)ku̯eh₁t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 563
  3. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skuđđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 345
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