Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skundijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; has been derived from a nasal-infixed form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewt- (“to shake, rattle”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “proposed cognates under this theory?”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskun.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skundijaną

1. to drive; speed up; accelerate

Inflection

Conjugation of *skundijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skundijō	*skundijaų	—	*skundijai	?
2nd singular	*skundīsi	*skundijais	*skundī	*skundijasai	*skundijaisau
3rd singular	*skundīþi	*skundijai	*skundijaþau	*skundijaþai	*skundijaiþau
1st dual	*skundijōs	*skundijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skundijaþiz	*skundijaiþiz	*skundijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skundijamaz	*skundijaim	—	*skundijanþai	*skundijainþau
2nd plural	*skundīþ	*skundijaiþ	*skundīþ	*skundijanþai	*skundijainþau
3rd plural	*skundijanþi	*skundijain	*skundijanþau	*skundijanþai	*skundijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skundidǭ	*skundidēdį̄
2nd singular	*skundidēz	*skundidēdīz
3rd singular	*skundidē	*skundidēdī
1st dual	*skundidēdū	*skundidēdīw
2nd dual	*skundidēdudiz	*skundidēdīdiz
1st plural	*skundidēdum	*skundidēdīm
2nd plural	*skundidēdud	*skundidēdīd
3rd plural	*skundidēdun	*skundidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*skundijandz	*skundidaz

Related terms

• *skundōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skundijan
  • Old English: sċyndan, sċendan
    • Middle English: shunden, schunten, schounten, shunten
      • English: shunt
  • Old Saxon: skundian
    • Middle Low German: schunden, schünden
  • Old Dutch: scunden
  • Old High German: scunten
    • Middle High German: schunden, schünden
      • German: schünden (obsolete)
• Old Norse: skynda, skunda
  • Faroese: skynda
  • Icelandic: skynda (obsolete)
  • Norwegian
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: skunda
    • Norwegian Bokmål: skynde
  • Old Swedish: skynda
    • Swedish: skynda
  • Danish: skynde
  • → Scots: skint