Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rāmēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *rām (“goal, aim”) +‎ *-ēn.

Verb

*rāmēn

1. to strive for, aim for

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	*rāmēn
1st sg. past	*rām?dā
Infinitive	*rāmēn
Genitive infin.	*rāmēnijas
Dative infin.	*rāmēnijē
Instrum. infin.	*rāmēniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*rāmē	*rām?dā
2nd singular	*rāmēs	*rām?dēs, *rām?dēs
3rd singular	*rāmēþ	*rām?dē, *rām?dā
1st plural	*rāmēm	*rām?dum
2nd plural	*rāmēþ	*rām?dud
3rd plural	*rāmēnþ	*rām?dun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*rāmē	*rām?dī
2nd singular	*rāmēs	*rām?dī
3rd singular	*rāmē	*rām?dī
1st plural	*rāmēm	*rām?dīm
2nd plural	*rāmēþ	*rām?dīd
3rd plural	*rāmēn	*rām?dīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*rāmē
Plural	*rāmēþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*rāmēndī	*rām?d

Alternative reconstructions

• *rāmōn

Descendants

• Old English: rōmian, rōmiġan
• Old Frisian: ramia, remia, rammia
  • North Frisian: rame
  • West Frisian: raamje, rame
• Old Saxon: rōmon, rōmigan, ruomon, rūmian, rūmon
  • Middle Low German: râmen (“to aim for, seek to meet”)
    • German Low German: råmen (“to overwhelm, conquer; to meet, encounter”) (also < OS *ramon (“to overwhelm”) ⇐ PWG *ramm (“overwhelming”))
    • → Danish: ramme
• Old Dutch: *rāmon
  • Middle Dutch: râmen
    • Dutch: ramen
      • Afrikaans: raam
• Old High German: rāmēn, rāmōn
  • Middle High German: rāmen, ræmen
    • German: rahmen, rähmen (archaic)