Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pipar

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin piper.

Noun

*pipar n

1. pepper

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*pipar
Genitive	*piparas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*pipar	*piparu
Accusative	*pipar	*piparu
Genitive	*piparas	*piparō
Dative	*piparē	*piparum
Instrumental	*piparu	*piparum

Alternative reconstructions

• *piper, pipr

Descendants

• Old English: pipor, piper
  • Middle English: peper
    • English: pepper (see there for further descendants)
    • Scots: peper, pepar, pepir
    • Yola: pipper
• Old Frisian: piper
  • North Frisian: pöber
  • Saterland Frisian: Pieper
  • West Frisian: piper
• Old Saxon: *pipar
  • Middle Low German: pēper, pepper, pipper, pöpper
    • German Low German: Peper
  • → Old Norse: piparr, pipari
    • Icelandic: pipar
    • Faroese: pipar
    • Norwegian:

      Norwegian Nynorsk: pepar

    • Old Swedish: pipar, pepar
      • Swedish: peppar
      • → Finnish: pippuri
        • → Northern Sami: bihppor
        • → Kildin Sami: пеһпарь (pjehpar’)
    • Old Danish: pipær
      • Danish: peber
    • Elfdalian: pipär
    • → Estonian: pipar
    • → Latvian: pipars
• Old Dutch: *pipar, *pepar
  • Middle Dutch: peper
    • Dutch: peper
      • Afrikaans: peper
      • Negerhollands: pepper
      • → Aukan: pepee
      • → Munsee: piipel
      • → Papiamentu: peper
      • → Saramaccan: pepè
      • → Unami: pèpël
    • Limburgish: paeper
• Old High German: pfeffar, pfeffur
  • Middle High German: pfeffer
    • Cimbrian: fèffar
    • German: Pfeffer
    • Hunsrik: Peffer
    • Luxembourgish: Peffer
    • Pennsylvania German: Peffer
    • Yiddish: פֿעפֿער (fefer)