Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/niuwjōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *niwjōną. Equivalent to *niwi (“new”) +‎ *-ōn.

Verb

*niuwjōn

1. to renew, to make new

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*niuwjōn
1st sg. past	*niuwjōdā
Infinitive	*niuwjōn
Genitive infin.	*niuwjōnijas
Dative infin.	*niuwjōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*niuwjōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*niuwjō	*niuwjōdā
2nd singular	*niuwjōs	*niuwjōdēs, *niuwjōdōs
3rd singular	*niuwjōþ	*niuwjōdē, *niuwjōdā
1st plural	*niuwjōm	*niuwjōdum
2nd plural	*niuwjōþ	*niuwjōdud
3rd plural	*niuwjōnþ	*niuwjōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*niuwjō	*niuwjōdī
2nd singular	*niuwjōs	*niuwjōdī
3rd singular	*niuwjō	*niuwjōdī
1st plural	*niuwjōm	*niuwjōdīm
2nd plural	*niuwjōþ	*niuwjōdīd
3rd plural	*niuwjōn	*niuwjōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*niuwjō
Plural	*niuwjōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*niuwjōndī	*niuwjōd

Related terms

• *niuwjan

Descendants

• Old English: nīewian, nīwian, nēowian, nīwiġan
  • Middle English: newen
    • English: new
    • Scots: neu, new
    • ⇒ Middle English: anewen
    • ⇒ Middle English: renewen
      • English: renew
      • Scots: renew
• Old Frisian: nīa
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: fornīa
    • Saterland Frisian: fernäije
    • West Frisian: fernije
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: urnīa
• Old Saxon: *niuwōn
  • Middle Low German: nü̂wen, nîgen, nîen
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîen, vornîen, vorniegen, vornigen, vorniggen, vernîen
      • German Low German: vernejen, vernien, verneen
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîeren, vörnü̂weren
• Old Dutch: *niuwon
  • Middle Dutch: niewen
    • Dutch: nieuwen (dialectal)
    • ⇒ Middle Dutch: verniewen, verniën
      • Dutch: vernieuwen
• Old High German: niuwōn
  • Middle High German: niuwen
    • German: neuen (archaic)
    • ⇒ Middle High German: verniuwen, verniun, vernūen, vernūwen, vernuowen, ferniuwen
      • German: verneuen (archaic)
      • ⇒ Middle High German: verniuweren, verniuwern, ferniuwern
        • German: verneuern (archaic)
  • ⇒ Old High German: irniuwōn
    • Middle High German: erniuwen, irniuwen, erniuen, irniuen, ernūwen, irnūwen
      • German: erneuen (archaic)
      • ⇒ Middle High German: erniuweren, erniuwern, irniuwern, ernūwern, irwūwern
        • German: erneuern