Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mangijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *mangijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *monk-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to press, knead”). Cognate with Lithuanian mánkyti (“to knead”), Proto-Slavic *mę̑kъkъ (“soft”), and possibly Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”).

Verb

*mangijan

1. to mix

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*mangijan
1st sg. past	*mangidā
Infinitive	*mangijan
Genitive infin.	*mangijannjas
Dative infin.	*mangijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*mangijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*mangiju	*mangidā
2nd singular	*mangisi	*mangidēs, *mangidōs
3rd singular	*mangiþi	*mangidē, *mangidā
1st plural	*mangijum	*mangidum
2nd plural	*mangiþ	*mangidud
3rd plural	*mangijanþ	*mangidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*mangijē	*mangidī
2nd singular	*mangijēs	*mangidī
3rd singular	*mangijē	*mangidī
1st plural	*mangijēm	*mangidīm
2nd plural	*mangijēþ	*mangidīd
3rd plural	*mangijēn	*mangidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*mangi
Plural	*mangiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*mangijandī	*mangid

Descendants

• Old English: menġan, mænġan, menċġan
  • Middle English: mengen
    • English: meng, ming
    • Scots: meng, ming
    • ⇒ Middle English: *mengelen
      • English: mingle
• Old Frisian: menga, mengia, mendza, mendzia
  • Saterland Frisian: moange
  • West Frisian: minge
• Old Saxon: mengian
  • Middle Low German: mengen
    • Low German: mengen
    • → Old Norse: mengja
      • Icelandic: menga
      • Swedish: mänga
      • Danish: mænge
• Old Dutch: *mengen
  • Middle Dutch: mengen
    • Dutch: mengen
      • Afrikaans: meng
      • Negerhollands: mengel, mingel
    • Limburgish: minge
• Old High German: mengen
  • Middle High German: mengen
    • German: mengen