Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwalljā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to drip; to well”). Cognate with Sanskrit गलति (galati, “to drip”), Hittite [Term?] (/⁠ku(wa)liya-⁠/, “to flow (calmly), to be calm”).

Noun

*kwalljā f

1. wellspring; spring

   Synonyms: *brunnō, *kaldijā, *sauþ

2. well

   Synonyms: *sauþ, *kaldijā, *walljā

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kwalljā
Genitive	*kwalljōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kwalljā	*kwalljōn
Accusative	*kwalljōn	*kwalljōn
Genitive	*kwalljōn	*kwalljōnō
Dative	*kwalljōn	*kwalljōm, *kwalljum
Instrumental	*kwalljōn	*kwalljōm, *kwalljum

Alternative reconstructions

• *kwellā

Related terms

• *kwellan

Descendants

• Old English: *cwiella, cwylla
  • Middle English: *quelle
    • English: quell, quill (dialectal)
• Old Frisian: *kwelle f; *kwella m
  • West Frisian: kwelle, kwel m or f
• Old Saxon: kwella, quella
  • Middle Low German: quelle m, quel m or f
    • German Low German: Quell
    • ⇒ Middle High German: gequelle n, gequel m
• Old Dutch: *kwella
  • Middle Dutch: quelle
    • Dutch: kwel, (obsolete) kwelle
• Old High German: kwella, quella
  • Middle High German: quelle
    • German: Quelle, Kwelle (obsolete)
    • Hunsrik: Quell
    • Luxembourgish: Quell
  • ⇒ Old High German: brunkwella, brunquella, brunkulle
    • Middle High German: brunnenquelle