Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/karil

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *karilaz.

Noun

*karil m

1. (feudalism) free peasant, churl

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*karil
Genitive	*karilas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*karil	*karilō, *karilōs
Accusative	*karil	*karilā
Genitive	*karilas	*karilō
Dative	*karilē	*karilum
Instrumental	*karilu	*karilum

Alternative reconstructions

• *karul, *karl

Descendants

• Old English: ċeorl, ċiorl
  • Middle English: cherl, cheorl, churl
    • English: churl
    • Scots: churl
    • Yola: chourle
• Old Frisian: tzerl, tzirl
  • North Frisian: keerl
  • West Frisian: tsjirl, tsjerl
• Old Saxon: *keril
  • Middle Low German: kerl, kerle
    • Dutch Low Saxon: (Gronings, Achterhoeks) keerl, (Twents, Achterhoeks) kearl
    • German Low German: Kerel, Keerl
    • Westphalian:

      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Kǟrl

      Suerländer-Märkisch: Kærl, Kæl, Kêrl

      Westmünsterländisch: Käärl, Kerl, Kiärl

    • → German: Kerl
    • → Saterland Frisian: Käärel
• Old Dutch: *keril, *karal, karl
  • Middle Dutch: carel, caerl, kerl, kerel
    • Dutch: kerel
      • Afrikaans: kêrel
      • Jersey Dutch: kääd'l
      • → Saterland Frisian: kerel, kërel, kërdel
      • → West Frisian: keardel, kearel
  • Limburgish: kaerel
• Old High German: *keril, karal, karl
  • Middle High German: karl, karle, kërl, kërle
    • → Old Polish: karzeł
      • Polish: karzeł
  • ⇒ Old High German: Karl (given name)
    • German: Karl, Carl
      • → English: Karl, Carl (see there for further descendants)
    • → Latin: Carolus (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Slavic: *korľь (see there for further descendants)