Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kaisar

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz Borrowed from Latin Caesar.

Noun

*kaisar m

1. emperor

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kaisar
Genitive	*kaisaras
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kaisar	*kaisarō, *kaisarōs
Accusative	*kaisar	*kaisarā
Genitive	*kaisaras	*kaisarō
Dative	*kaisarē	*kaisarum
Instrumental	*kaisaru	*kaisarum

Descendants

• Old English: cāsere, cāsaer, cāser
  • Middle English: casere, kasere, caser, casare, kasar (Northern)
    • Middle Scots: casar, casere, cazard
• Old Frisian: kaiser, keiser
  • Saterland Frisian: Kaiser
  • West Frisian: keizer
• Old Saxon: kēsar, *keisari
  • Middle Low German: *keisere
    • Plautdietsch: Kjeisa
  • → Old Norse: keisari
    • Icelandic: keisari
    • Faroese: keisari
    • Norwegian:

      Norwegian Bokmål: keiser

      Norwegian Nynorsk: keisar

    • Old Swedish: keysar, keysare
      • Swedish: kejsare
      • → Finnish: keisari
    • Danish: kejser
    • Gutnish: kaisare
• Old Dutch: keiser
  • Middle Dutch: keiser
    • Dutch: keizer
• Old High German: keisar, keisur
  • Middle High German: keiser
    • German: Kaiser, Kayser, Käiser, Käyser, Keiser, Keyser (obsolete)
      • → Russian: ка́йзер (kájzer, kájzɛr)
      • → Upper Sorbian: kejžor
    • Luxembourgish: Keeser
    • Yiddish: קייסער (keyser)
  • → Middle English: kayser, caisare, caiser, caisoure, cayser, caysere, kaiser, kaisere, keiser
    • ⇒ English: Kaiser, kaiser
      • → Scots: Kaiser