Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gaʀd

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gazdaz.

Noun

*gaʀd m^[1]

rod, staff
stick, goad

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*gaʀd
Genitive	*gaʀdas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gaʀd	gaʀdō, gaʀdōs
Accusative	*gaʀd	*gaʀdā
Genitive	*gaʀdas	*gaʀdō
Dative	*gaʀdē	*gaʀdum
Instrumental	*gaʀdu	*gaʀdum

Related terms

*gaʀdi

Descendants

Old English: ġeard f
- Middle English: ȝearde, ȝard (merged with descendant of Old English ġierd)
  - English: yard
  - Scots: yaird
Old Saxon: gard m or f
- Middle Low German: gart f
Old Dutch: *gard
- Middle Dutch: gart, gāert m
  - Dutch: gard
Old High German: gart m
- Middle High German: gart
  - German: Gart

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 84: “PWGmc *gazd”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 84: “PWGmc *gazd”

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