Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/balwōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *balwōną. Equivalent to *balu (“evil, misfortune”) +‎ *-ōn or *balu (“evil, bad”) +‎ *-ōn. Cognate with Old Norse bǫlva.
Compare also the class 1 weak verb in Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (balwjan).

Verb

*balwōn

1. to make worse, spoil, damage
2. to torture, torment

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*balwōn
1st sg. past	*balwōdā
Infinitive	*balwōn
Genitive infin.	*balwōnijas
Dative infin.	*balwōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*balwōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*balwō	*balwōdā
2nd singular	*balwōs	*balwōdēs, *balwōdōs
3rd singular	*balwōþ	*balwōdē, *balwōdā
1st plural	*balwōm	*balwōdum
2nd plural	*balwōþ	*balwōdud
3rd plural	*balwōnþ	*balwōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*balwō	*balwōdī
2nd singular	*balwōs	*balwōdī
3rd singular	*balwō	*balwōdī
1st plural	*balwōm	*balwōdīm
2nd plural	*balwōþ	*balwōdīd
3rd plural	*balwōn	*balwōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*balwō
Plural	*balwōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*balwōndī	*balwōd

Descendants

• >? Old Frisian: *balia
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: forbalia
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: urbalia
• Old Saxon: *baluwōn
  • Middle Low German: *balwen
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: vörbalwen, vorbalwen, vorballewen
• Old Dutch: *baluwon
  • Middle Dutch: baluwen, baellewen
• Old High German: *balawōn
  • ⇒ Old High German: gibalawōn
• →? Vulgar Latin: *balvō, *malvō (assimilated to Latin malus)
  • Galician: malvar
  • Old Spanish: malvar