Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arjan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *arjaną.
Verb
[edit]*arjan[1]
Inflection
[edit]| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *arjan | |
| 1st sg. past | *aridā | |
| Infinitive | *arjan | |
| Genitive infin. | *arjannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *arjannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *arjannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *arju | *aridā |
| 2nd singular | *arisi | *aridēs, *aridōs |
| 3rd singular | *ariþi | *aridē, *aridā |
| 1st plural | *arjum | *aridum |
| 2nd plural | *ariþ | *aridud |
| 3rd plural | *arjanþ | *aridun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *arjē | *aridī |
| 2nd singular | *arjēs | *aridī |
| 3rd singular | *arjē | *aridī |
| 1st plural | *arjēm | *aridīm |
| 2nd plural | *arjēþ | *aridīd |
| 3rd plural | *arjēn | *aridīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *ari | |
| Plural | *ariþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *arjandī | *arid |
| Strong class 7 j-present | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *arjan | |
| 1st sg. past | *ēr | |
| 3rd pl. past | *ērun | |
| Past ptcple | *aran | |
| Infinitive | *arjan | |
| Genitive infin. | *arjannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *arjannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *arjannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *arju | *ēr |
| 2nd singular | *ariʀi | *ērī |
| 3rd singular | *aridi | *ēr |
| 1st plural | *arjum | *ērum |
| 2nd plural | *arid | *ērud |
| 3rd plural | *arjand | *ērun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *arjē | *ērī |
| 2nd singular | *arjēs | *ērī |
| 3rd singular | *arjē | *ērī |
| 1st plural | *arjēm | *ērīm |
| 2nd plural | *arjēþ | *ērīd |
| 3rd plural | *arjēn | *ērīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *ari | |
| Plural | *arid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *arjandī | *aran |
Descendants
[edit]- Old English: erian
- Old Frisian: era, ara
- Old Saxon: erian
- Old Dutch: *erien, *erren
- Old High German: erien, erren
- Middle High German: ern
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 52: “PWGmc *arjan”