Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/applu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *apluz, *aplaz.

Noun

*applu m

1. fruit

   Synonyms: *fruht, *obaet

2. apple

Inflection

u-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*applu
Genitive	*applō
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*applu	*appliwi, *applō
Accusative	*applu	*applū
Genitive	*applō	*appliwō
Dative	*appliwi, *applō	*applum
Instrumental	*applu	*applum

Alternative reconstructions

• *apl

Descendants

• Old English: æppel, apl, appel, æppyl
  • Middle English: appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel, æppel, æpple, eappel (Early Middle English)
    • English: apple (see there for further descendants)
    • Scots: aipple
• Old Frisian: appel
  • North Frisian:

    Föhr, Hallig: aapel

    Helgoland: Oapel

    Mooring: ååpel

  • Saterland Frisian: Appel, Apel
  • West Frisian: apel
• Old Saxon: appel, appul, apl
  • Middle Low German: appel
    • German Low German: Appel
      • → German: Appel (colloquial, regional)
    • Plautdietsch: Aupel
• Old Dutch: *appel, ephela (pl.), apheles (gen.sg.)
  • Middle Dutch: appel, āpel
    • Dutch: appel (see there for further descendants)
    • Limburgish: appel
• Old High German: apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul — central
  • Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
    • Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel

      Alsatian: Àpfel, Epfel

      Italian Walser: effél, epfel, epfil, öpfil

      Swabian: Ebfl

    • Bavarian: Åpfe

      Cimbrian: oupfal, öpfel, öpfl

      Mòcheno: epfl

      Udinese: eipfele, epfl

    • Central Franconian: Appel
      • Hunsrik: Eppel
      • Luxembourgish: Apel
    • East Central German:

      Upper Saxon German: Abbel, Appel

      Vilamovian: epuł

    • East Franconian:
    • German: Apfel
    • Rhine Franconian:

      Hessian: Àbbel, Ebbel, Abbel

      Pennsylvania German: Abbel, Appel

    • Yiddish: עפּל (epl)