Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þrāan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þrēaną.

Verb

*þrāan

1. to twist

Inflection

Strong class 7d
Infinitive	*þrāan
1st sg. past	*þrē
3rd pl. past	*þrēun
Past ptcple	*þrāan
Infinitive	*þrāan
Genitive infin.	*þrāannjas
Dative infin.	*þrāannjē
Instrum. infin.	*þrāannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*þrāu	*þrē
2nd singular	*þrāiʀi	*þrēī
3rd singular	*þrāidi	*þrē
1st plural	*þrāum	*þrēum
2nd plural	*þrāid	*þrēud
3rd plural	*þrāand	*þrēun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*þrāē	*þrēī
2nd singular	*þrāēs	*þrēī
3rd singular	*þrāē	*þrēī
1st plural	*þrāēm	*þrēīm
2nd plural	*þrāēþ	*þrēīd
3rd plural	*þrāēn	*þrēīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*þrā
Plural	*þrāid
	Present	Past
Participle	*þrāandī	*þrāan

Descendants

• Old English: þrāwan
  • Middle English: throwen, thrawen, thorwen
    • English: throw
      • Northumbrian: thraa
    • Scots: thraw
    • Yola: drowe, draugh
• Old Frisian: thrāia
  • North Frisian: treie
  • West Frisian: draaie, triuwe
• Old Saxon: thrāian
  • Middle Low German: dreien, dreyen, drêgen, dreigen
    • German Low German: dreihen
    • Low German: draien, dreien
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: dreie
    • → Norwegian Nynorsk: dreie
    • → Swedish: dreja
    • → Danish: dreje
• Old Dutch: thrāien
  • Middle Dutch: drâyen
    • Dutch: draaien
    • Limburgish: drejje, dreie
• Old High German: drāen
  • Middle High German: dræjen, dræn
    • Bavarian: drahn
      • Cimbrian: dréenan
    • Central Franconian: driehe, drähe, drähne
      • Hunsrik: drehe
      • Luxembourgish: dréien, dréinen
    • German: drehen
    • Yiddish: דרייען (dreyen)