Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yeŋil

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *yéŋil
• *yéŋik ~ *yeŋik

Etymology

Uncertain. Earliest record Karakhanid یَنِكْ (yenig), from Karakhanid يَنٖيماكْ (yeni:me:k, “to become lightweight (after woman gave birth)”)..

Adjective

*yeŋil

1. light (not heavy)

   Antonym: *(y)agïr

   Synonym: *yüŋül

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ҫӑмӑл (śămăl, “easy”)
  • → Hungarian: gyenge (“weak”)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: [script needed] (yingil), [script needed] (yiyin)
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Gagauz: ilin, ilinnemää
    • Ottoman Turkish: یگنی (yeğni)
      • Turkish: yeğni, (dialect) yenli, (dialect) yeğnik, (dialect) yenlik
  • Turkmen: yeňil
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: یَنِك (yenig)
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (yéŋil)
      • Uyghur: يەڭگىل (yenggil)
      • Uzbek: yengil
• Kipchak:
  • Cuman-Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: yengil
    • Karachay-Balkar: зенгил (zeñil)
    • Karaim: [script needed] (yenil), [script needed] (yeŋil)
    • Kumyk: енгил (yeñil)
  • Kipchak-Nogai:
    • Karakalpak: [script needed] (žeŋil)
    • Kazakh: жеңіл (jeñıl)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: еңел (yeñel)
    • Tatar: җиңел (ciñel)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: жеңил (jeŋil)
    • Southern Altai: јеҥил (ǰeŋil)
• Siberian
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yeŋik)
    • Western Yugur: žig
  • South Siberian:
    • Yeniseian Turkic:
      • Khakas: ниик (niik)
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tofa: [script needed] (niŋeš)
      • Tuvan: чииҝ
    • Northern Altai: дьенъил (dʹyenʺil), ньенъил (nʹyenʺil), йенънек (yenʺnek)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yéŋil”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 950
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jeŋgü-l, jeŋi-k”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill