Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yȫr-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

For the two meanings, compare *čöŕ- (“to untie; solve”).

Verb

*yȫr-

(Common Turkic, transitive) to untie
(Common Turkic, transitive) to interpret

Conjugation

Conjugation of *yȫr- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive

infinitive			*yȫrmek
participle	present		*yȫrgen, yȫrügme, yȫrür
	past		*yȫrtük, yȫrmiš
	future		*yȫrteči, yȫrmekči, yȫrsik, yȫreček
verbal noun			*yȫrme, yȫrüg, yȫrgü
way of doing			*yȫrüš
			singular			plural
			1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*yȫrür ben	*yȫrür sen	*yȫrür	*yȫrür biz	*yȫrür siz	*yȫrür
	past	simple	*yȫrtüm	*yȫrtüŋ	*yȫrti	*yȫrtük, yȫrtümüz	*yȫrtüŋüz	*yȫrti
	past	inferential	*yȫrmiš ben	*yȫrmiš sen	*yȫrmiš	*yȫrmiš biz	*yȫrmiš siz	*yȫrmiš
	future	simple	*yȫrteči ben, yȫrmekči ben, yȫreček ben	*yȫrteči sen, yȫrmekči sen, yȫreček sen	*yȫrteči, yȫrmekči, yȫreček	*yȫrteči biz, yȫrmekči biz, yȫreček biz	*yȫrteči siz, yȫrmekči siz, yȫreček siz	*yȫrteči, yȫrmekči, yȫreček
		predictive	*yȫrgey ben	*yȫrgey sen	*yȫrgey	*yȫrgey biz	*yȫrgey siz	*yȫrgey
		necessitive	*yȫrsüküm	*yȫrsüküŋ	*yȫrsük	*yȫrsükümüz	*yȫrsüküŋüz	*yȫrsük
conditional			*yȫrsem, yȫrser ben	*yȫrseŋ, yȫrser sen	*yȫrse, yȫrser	*yȫrsek, yȫrsemiz, yȫrser biz	*yȫrseŋiz, yȫrser siz	*yȫrseler, yȫrser
optative			*yȫrgey ben	*yȫrgey sen	*yȫrgey	*yȫrgey biz	*yȫrgey siz	*yȫrgey
progressive			*yȫrmekde ben	*yȫrmekde sen	*yȫrmekde	*yȫrmekde biz	*yȫrmekde siz	*yȫrmekde
necessitative			*yȫrmelig ben	*yȫrmelig sen	*yȫrmelig	*yȫrmelig biz	*yȫrmelig siz	*yȫrmelig
imperative			*yȫreyin	*yȫr, yȫrgil	*yȫrzün	*yȫrelim	*yȫrüŋ	*yȫrzün

Negative

infinitive			*yȫrmemek
participle	present		*yȫrmegen, yȫrmegme, yȫrmez
	past		*yȫrmedük, yȫrmemiš
	future		*yȫrmeči, yȫrmesik, yȫrmeyeček
verbal noun			*yȫrmeme, yȫrmeg, yȫrmegü
way of doing			*yȫrmeyüš
			singular			plural
			1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*yȫrmez ben	*yȫrmez sen	*yȫrmez	*yȫrmez biz	*yȫrmez siz	*yȫrmez
	past	simple	*yȫrmedüm	*yȫrmedüŋ	*yȫrmedi	*yȫrmedük, yȫrmedümüz	*yȫrmedüŋüz	*yȫrmedi
	past	inferential	*yȫrmemiš ben	*yȫrmemiš sen	*yȫrmemiš	*yȫrmemiš biz	*yȫrmemiš siz	*yȫrmemiš
	future	simple	*yȫrmeči ben, yȫrmeyeček ben	*yȫrmeči sen, yȫrmeyeček sen	*yȫrmeči, yȫrmeyeček	*yȫrmeči biz, yȫrmeyeček biz	*yȫrmeči siz, yȫrmeyeček siz	*yȫrmeči, yȫrmeyeček
		predictive	*yȫrmegey ben	*yȫrmegey sen	*yȫrmegey	*yȫrmegey biz	*yȫrmegey siz	*yȫrmegey
		necessitive	*yȫrmesüküm	*yȫrmesüküŋ	*yȫrmesük	*yȫrmesükümüz	*yȫrmesüküŋüz	*yȫrmesük
conditional			*yȫrmesem, yȫrmeser ben	*yȫrmeseŋ, yȫrmeser sen	*yȫrmese, yȫrmeser	*yȫrmesek, yȫrmesemiz, yȫrmeser biz	*yȫrmeseŋiz, yȫrmeser siz	*yȫrmeseler, yȫrmeser
optative			*yȫrmegey ben	*yȫrmegey sen	*yȫrmegey	*yȫrmegey biz	*yȫrmegey siz	*yȫrmegey
progressive			*yȫrmemekde ben	*yȫrmemekde sen	*yȫrmemekde	*yȫrmemekde biz	*yȫrmemekde siz	*yȫrmemekde
necessitative			*yȫrmemelig ben	*yȫrmemelig sen	*yȫrmemelig	*yȫrmemelig biz	*yȫrmemelig siz	*yȫrmemelig
imperative			*yȫrmeyeyin	*yȫrme, yȫrmegil	*yȫrmezün	*yȫrmeyelim	*yȫrmeyiŋ	*yȫrmezün

Derived terms

yȫr-ük (“interpretation”)
yȫr-il- (“to be untied”)

Descendants

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: yozmaq
  - Ottoman Turkish: یورمق (yormak)
    - Turkish: yormak
- Turkmen: ýormak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (yörmek), [script needed] (yormaq)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: йурав (yurav)
  - Tatar: йурарга (yurarga)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: жору (joru)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жоруу (joruu)
  - Southern Altai: јоро (ǰoro, “omen”)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: ywr (yör-)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: сүөр (süör)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yör-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 955
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jor-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill