Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sarïmsak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *sarmïsak, *sarmusak

Etymology

Initially held to be derived from sarım ("winding"), which was later found phonetically and morphologically problematic. Another theory conceptualizes it after its yellowish-white root as a sarımsı (“yellowish, whitish” < sarı "yellow", from Proto-Turkic *sāryg (“yellow”), derived from the root *siar(ï)- originally preserving the primary meaning ‘white’ in Chuvash as шурӑ {šură}.

Alternatively borrowed from Iranian, with the argument of the absence in Chuvash and Siberian Turkic. Found in Persian سیرمو (sirmu), سیر (sir, “garlic”), Khotanese [script needed] (sarme), [script needed] (sarmā, an eaten bulb of uncertain identification), doubtfully further connected to Proto-Slavic *čermъša (“ramsons”), Lithuanian kermùšė (“ramsons”), Ancient Greek κρόμμυον (krómmuon), Proto-West Germanic *hramusō (“ramson”), Old Irish crem (“ramson”) (Irish creamh). The suffix -sak (compare: -cik) of the Turkic word is depicted by Khwarezmian [script needed] (-cyk), Sogdian [script needed] (-cyq) that form the nisba adjective and noun. This suffix is recently held to be derived from the native form s(ı) + Old Turkic participle suffix ak or ç + diminutive suffix ak.
Hungarian sárma, meaning Ornithogalum species, which is of the same botanical order as garlic, is either an Alanic or a Turkic borrowing, observing also that in Turkic words which otherwise denote the garlic are used for Ornithogalum.

Noun

*sarïmsak

1. garlic

Declension

Declension of *sarïmsak

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*sarïmsak
Accusative	*sarïmsakïg, *sarïmsaknï1)
Genitive	*sarïmsaknïŋ
Dative	*sarïmsakka
Locative	*sarïmsakda
Ablative	*sarïmsakdan
Allative	*sarïmsakgaru
Instrumental 2)	*sarïmsakïn
Equative 2)	*sarïmsakča
Similative 2)	*sarïmsaklayu
Comitative 2)	*sarïmsaklïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Karakhanid: سَرْمُسَقْ (sarmusaq), سَرُمْسَقْ (sarumsaq), سَمُرْسَقْ (samursaq)
• Oghuz
  • West Oghuz
    • Azerbaijani: sarımsaq
    • Gagauz: sarmısak
    • Ottoman Turkish: صارمساق (sarımsaq)
      • Turkish: sarmısak, sarımsak, samırsak
  • East Oghuz
    • Turkmen: sarymsak
• Kipchak
  • West Kipchak
    • Karachay-Balkar: сарсмакъ (sarsmaq), сарымсах (sarımsax)
    • Kumyk: самурсакъ (samursaq)
  • North Kipchak
    • Bashkir: һарымһаҡ (harımhaq)
    • Tatar: сарымсак (sarımsaq)
  • South Kipchak
    • Caspian
      • Kazakh: сарымсақ (sarymsaq)
      • Karakalpak sarımsaq
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak
      • Kyrgyz: сарымсак (sarımsak)
      • Southern Altai: сарымсак (sarïmsak) (dialectal)
• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: ساریمساق (sarımsaq)
    • Uzbek: sarimsoq
    • Uyghur: سامساق (samsaq)
• → Proto-Mongolic: *sarïmsag
  • Dongxiang: samusa
  • Mongolian: сармис (sarmis), саримсаг (sarimsag), саримс (sarims)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 853
• Stachowski, Marek (2019) “sarımsak ~ sarmısak”, in Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch der türkischen Sprache (in German), Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, →DOI, page 294
• Tatár, Maria Magdolna (2002) “A Eurasian Etymology: sarmysak < *k'irmus(V)/kermus(V)/karmus(V) 'Garlic'”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae‎^[1], volume 55, number 1/3, Akadémiai Kiadó, →DOI, pages 237–251
• Teres, Ersin (2011) “derivational suffixes in Chinese Tatar”, in Türkiyat Mecmuası‎^[2], regarding +şak / +şek endings.