Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hramusō

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hramusô, from Proto-Indo-European *krómus-ō ~ *kr̥mus-nés, from *kermus-, *kremus- (“wild garlic”).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Cognate with Lithuanian kermùšė (“wild garlic”), Proto-Slavic *čermъša (“ramson”), Ancient Greek κρόμμυον (krómmuon, “onion”), Middle Irish crim (“garlic”).

Noun

*hramusō m

ramson, wild garlic

Inflection

Masculine an-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hramusō
Genitive	hramusini, hramusan
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hramusō	*hramusan
Accusative	*hramusan	*hramusan
Genitive	hramusini, hramusan	*hramusanō
Dative	hramusini, hramusan	*hramusum
Instrumental	hramusini, hramusan	*hramusum

Reconstruction notes

There is no direct evidence of the medial -u- in any of the Germanic languages, but it is assumed based on evidence from other Indo-European languages.

Derived terms

*hramusijā
- Old High German: ramese, ramusia

Descendants

Old English: hramsa, hromsa, hramse, ramesa
- Middle English: ramson, ramsoun, rameson, ramesen, rampson, rampsoun
  - English: ramson, buckrams, rams, ramps (dialectal)
  - Scots: ramps, ramsh
Old Saxon: *hramuso, *hremiso
- Middle Low German: ramese, remese
  - → Danish: rams (dialectal)
    - ⇒ Danish: ramsløg
      - Norwegian Bokmål: ramsløk
  - ⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: ramslauk
  - → Old Swedish: rams
    - Swedish: rams
      - ⇒ Swedish: ramslök
Old Dutch: *ramuso
- Middle Dutch: *ramese
  - Dutch: rams
Old High German: *hramuso, *ramuso,
- Middle High German: *ramese
  - German: Rams
  - Bavarian: Ramsel, Ramsenwurz, Ramschenwurz

References

^ Torp, Alf (1919) “Rams”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 512: “*hraməsan”
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hramusan- / *hramusjōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 242-243
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xramusō(n)”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 184
^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Rams”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 580: “g. *hramesōn”

[1] Torp, Alf (1919) “Rams”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 512: “*hraməsan”

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hramusan- / *hramusjōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 242-243

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xramusō(n)”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 184

[4] Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Rams”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 580: “g. *hramesōn”

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