Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kẹli

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Similarity to Proto-Tungusic *xelńe (“mortar”), may have explains the early form of *kelńi, which is also preserved in Hungarian and Siberian Tatar. (?) (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*kẹli

1. mortar

Declension

Declension of *kẹli

	singular 3)
nominative	*kẹli
accusative	*kẹlig, *kẹlini1)
genitive	*kẹliniŋ
dative	*kẹlike
locative	*kẹlide
ablative	*kẹliden
allative	*kẹligerü
instrumental 2)	*kẹlin
equative 2)	*kẹliče
similative 2)	*kẹlileyü
comitative 2)	*kẹliligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: килӗ (kilĕ)
    • → Hungarian: kölyű
• Common Turkic:

• Karluk:
  • Uzbek: keli
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: киле (kile)
    • Tatar: киле (kile)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Karachay-Balkar: кели (keli)
    • Kumyk: кели (keli)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: келi (keli)
• Siberian:
  • Siberian Tatar: кейле (keyle)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: кэлии (kelii)
    • Yakut: кэлии (kelii)

References

• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 33
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kẹli”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill