Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kǖč

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *kücin (“power, strength”) which may be a Turkic borrowing.

Nişanyan suggests from *kü- (“to force, to be powerful”) which is also root of Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰼 (kür, “bully, to be able to, valiant”)

Noun

*kǖč (Common Turkic)

force, strength, power

Declension

Declension of *kǖč (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural²⁾
nominative	*kǖč	*kǖčler
accusative
genitive	*kǖčniŋ	*kǖčlerniŋ
dative	*kǖčke	*kǖčlerke
locative	*kǖčte	*kǖčlerde
ablative	*kǖčten	*kǖčlerden
instrumental¹⁾		*kǖčlerin
equative¹⁾	*kǖčče	*kǖčlerče

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*kǖč-e- (“to compel”)
*kǖč-le- (“to oppress, use violence”)
*kǖčgey (“violent, difficult”)
*kǖč-lig (“powerful”)
*kǖč-siŕ (“powerless”)
*kǖč-lik (“strength”)

Descendants

Arghu
- Khalaj: kîç, kü̂ç
Oghuz
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: güc
  - Ottoman Turkish: گوچ (güç)
    - Gagauz: güç
    - Turkish: güç
- Salar: küş
- Turkmen: güýç
Karluk
- Karakhanid: كُوجْ (kǖč)
- Khorezmian Turkic: كوچ (küč)
  - Chagatai: كوچ (küç)
    - Uyghur: كۈچ (küch)
    - Uzbek: kuch, куч (kuch‍)
  - → Arabic: كُوج (kūj)
  - → Persian: کوچ (kuč)
Kipchak: كوچ (küč)
- North Kipchak
  - Bashkir: көс (kös)
  - Tatar: көч (köç)
- West Kipchak
  - Crimean Tatar: küç
  - Karachay-Balkar: кюч (küç)
  - Karaim: küč
  - Kumyk: гюч (güç)
- Central Kipchak
  - Karakalpak: күш / kúsh
  - Kazakh: күш (küş)
  - Nogai: куьш (küş)
- East Kipchak
  - Kyrgyz: күч (küc)
  - Southern Altai: кӱч (küč)
Siberian
- Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰲 (küč)
  - Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽 (küč)
    - Northern Siberian
      - Dolgan: күүс (küüs)
      - Yakut: күүс (küüs)
    - Southern Siberian
      - Yenisei
        Khakas: кӱс (küs)
        
        Shor: кӱш (küš)
        
        Western Yugur: [script needed] (kuš)
      - Sayan
        Tuvan: күш (küş)
        
        Tofa: күш (küš)
→ Proto-Mongolic: *kücin (presumably)
- Mongolian: хүч (xüč)
- Monguor:
  - Mangghuer: kuji
  - Mongghul: kuji
→ Rouran: [script needed] (*küǰü)

References

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kǖč”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kü:ç”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 693
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “güç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük