Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kïĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*kïĺ

1. winter

Declension

Declension of *kïĺ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kïĺ
Accusative	*kïĺïg, *kïĺnï1)
Genitive	*kïĺnïŋ
Dative	*kïĺka
Locative	*kïĺta
Ablative	*kïĺtan
Allative	*kïĺgaru
Instrumental 2)	*kïĺïn
Equative 2)	*kïĺča
Similative 2)	*kïĺlayu
Comitative 2)	*kïĺlïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur
  • Chuvash: хӗл (hĕl)
• Common Turkic: *kïš

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: qış
• Proto-Oghuz: *gïš
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: qış
      • Ottoman Turkish: قیش (kış)
        • Gagauz: kış
        • Turkish: kış
        • → Laz: კიში (ǩişi)
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: gyş
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قِشْ (qıš)
    • Chagatai: قیش (qïš)
      • Uzbek: qish
      • Uyghur: قىش (qish)
• Kipchak:
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: qış
    • Karachay-Balkar: къыш (qış)
    • Kumyk: къыш (qış)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡыш (qış)
    • Tatar: кыш (qış)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: қыс, qıs
    • Kazakh: қыс (qys)
    • Nogai: кыс (kıs)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: кыш (kış)
    • Southern Altai: кыш (kïš)
    • Teleut қыш
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰶𐰃𐱁 (qïš)
    • North Siberian:
      • ⇒ Dolgan: кыһын
      • ⇒ Yakut: кыс (kıs), кыһын (kıhın)
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan Turkic:
        • Tofa: ӄыъш
        • Tuvan: кыш (kış)
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • ⇒ Khakas: хысхы (xısxı)
      • ⇒ Shor: қышқы
      • Western Yugur: qıs

See also

Seasons in Proto-Turkic (layout · text) · category
*yāŕ (“spring”) *yāy (“spring”)	*yāŕ (“summer”) *yāy (“summer”)	*kǖŕ (“autumn”)	*kïĺ (“winter”)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 670
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 479
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kɨĺ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 268
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, pages 253-254
• Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 75-76