Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bitig

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

• *bitik

Etymology

From *biti- (“to write”) +‎ *-g.

Noun

*bitig

1. inscription, scripture

Declension

Declension of *bitig

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*bitig
Accusative	*bitigig, *bitigni1)
Genitive	*bitigniŋ
Dative	*bitigke
Locative	*bitigde
Ablative	*bitigden
Allative	*bitiggerü
Instrumental 2)	*bitigin
Equative 2)	*bitigče
Similative 2)	*bitigleyü
Comitative 2)	*bitigligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• → Hungarian: betű
• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: пӗтӳ (pĕt̬ü, “amulet”)
• Common Turkic: *bitig, *bitik

• Proto-Oghuz: *bitig, *bitik
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: بِتى (biti, “letter, written document”)
      • Azerbaijani: bitik (archaic)
      • Ottoman Turkish: بتى (biti, “letter, written document; memory (literature); bill, document”)
        • Turkish: biti (“letter, post; amulet; notebook; book; forme; amulet; credentials, document, compass, licence; clerk”) (dialectal)
  • East Oghuz:
    • Salar: bitik
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: بِتِكٔ (bitig, bitik)
    • Khorezmian Turkic:
      • → Bulgar: بطك (bitik)
      • Chagatai:
        • Uyghur: بېتىك (bëtik)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: بتو (bitüv, bitiv), بتی (biti), بتك (bitik)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: бетеү (betew, “amulet”)
    • Tatar: бөти (böti, “letter, amulet”)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Karaim: битик (bitik)
    • Kumyk: битик (bitik, “amulet”)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: бітік (bıtık, “letter, scripture”)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏 (b²it²g /⁠bitig⁠/)
    • → Turkish: betik
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bitig)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (pïʰtïɣ, “book”)
• → Mongolian: бичиг (bičig)
  • → Kyrgyz: бичик (bicik, “book of Kalmyk”)
  • → Southern Altai: бичик (bičik, “book”)
  • → Khakas: пічік (pìçìk, “book”)
  • → Shor: пичик (“script, alphabet”)
  • → Tuvan: бижик (bijik)
  • → Yakut: бичик (bicik)

References

• [2]
• “biti”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982