Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/alp

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *alba (“compulsion, forcing; service, duty”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Also transcribed as 合 (hé), 賀臘 / 贺腊 (hèlà) in Chinese sources.

Nişanyan suggests this word is derived from the root al- (to beat, to take) and -Ip suffix. The suffix -Ip is used in several words like çöp, turp, sarp and top.

Noun

*alp

1. difficult, hard
2. warrior
3. hero
4. brave
5. giant
6. landlord

Derived terms

• *alp-a-gut
• *alp-ïk-
• *alp-ïra-

Descendants

• Hunnic:
  • →? Ancient Greek: ᾽Αλπισουρ (“a clan of Huns”)
• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: آلِبْ (alıp)
    • Chuvash: улӑп (ulăp), улпут (ulp̬ut)
• Common Turkic: *alp
  • Proto-Oghuz: *alp
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (alp)
        • Azerbaijani: alp
        • Ottoman Turkish: آلپ (alp)
          • Turkish: alp
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: اَلْپ (alp), اَلْپَغُت (alpaɣut)
      • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (alp)
        • Chagatai: [script needed] (alp)
          • Uzbek: alp
          • Uyghur: ئالپ (alp), ئالپاۋۇت (alpawut)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak: الپوت (alpawıt)
      • North Kipchak:
        • Bashkir: [script needed] (alpawıt), [script needed] (alpamışa)
        • Tatar: алып (alıp), алпауыт (alpawıt)
      • West Kipchak:
        • Karaim: алп (alp), [script needed] (alpawut)
      • South Kipchak:
        • Kazakh: алып (alyp), алпауыт (alpauyt, “strength, power”)
        • Karakalpak: alp, albıra-
      • East Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: алп (alp)
        • Southern Altai: алып (alïp)
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰞𐰯 (l¹p /⁠alp⁠/), 𐰞𐰯𐰍𐰆 (l¹pǧu /⁠alpağu⁠/)
    • Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽼 (alp), 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽳𐾀 (alpaɣut)
    • North Siberian Turkic:
      • Yakut: алып (alıp)
    • South Siberian Turkic:
      • Tuvan: албыг (albıg, “to pant, stifle”)
      • Shor: алып (alıp)
      • Khakas: алып (alıp), албых (albıx)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ălp”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “alp”, in Nişanyan Sözlük