Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-den

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

• *-dan
• *-tin
• *-tan
• *-din
• *-dïn
• *-tin
• *-tïn

Etymology

*-de (“locative-ablative suffix”) +‎ *-(i)n (“instrumental suffix”), the form *-din shows the duality created by the instrumental suffix.

Suffix

*-den

1. Used to form ablative of nouns.

   ‎*eb (“house”) + ‎*-den → ‎*ebden (“from the house”)

Usage notes

1. Contrary to modern usages, as in Old Turkic and Bulgar language, the consonants l, r and n are followed by the strong consonant form; remaining sounds are followed by the soft consonant form. For example;

   ‎*ol (“third person singular”) + ‎*-den → ‎*antan (“from there”)

Related terms

• *-ni (“accusative case”)
• *-niŋ (“genitive case”)
• *-ka (“dative case”)
• *-de (“locative case”)
• *-gerü (“allative case”)
• *-če (“equative case”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Bulgar: ڔَان- (-ran) (as in ڊنيَاڔَان (dönyaran, “from world”))
    • Chuvash: -тен (-ten), -рен (-ren)

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: -dən
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: ـدن (-den)
    • Azerbaijani: -dən, -tən
    • Ottoman Turkish: ـدن (-den)
      • Turkish: -den, -ten
      • Gagauz: -den
  • Turkmen: -den
  • Salar: -den
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid:
    • Chagatai:
      • Uzbek: -dan
      • Uyghur: [script needed] (-den)
• Kipchak:
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: -дан (-dan), -ден (-den), -дон (-don), -дөн (-dön), -тан (-tan), -тен (-ten), -тон (-ton), -төн (-tön), -ан (-an), -ен (-yen), -он (-on), -өн (-ön)
    • Southern Altai: -деҥ (-deŋ), -дӧҥ (-döŋ), -теҥ (-teŋ), -тӧҥ (-töŋ)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: -дән (-dən), -нән (-nən), -тән (-tən)
    • Tatar: -дән (-dän), -нән (-nän), -тән (-tän)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: -ден (-den), -тен (-ten), -нен (-nen)
    • Karakalpak: -den, -ten
    • Nogai: -ден (-den)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: -den
    • Kumyk: -ден (-den)
    • Karachay-Balkar: -ден (-den)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰓𐰤 (-din)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: -ттэн (-tten), -ттөн (-ttön), -тэн (-ten), -төн (-tön)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: -ден (-den), -тен (-ten)

References

• Erdal, Marcel (2004) “+dIn”, in A Grammar of Old Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies; 3), Brill Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 174
• Krueger, John Richard (1961) Chuvash Manual: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, and Vocabulary (Uralic and Altaic Series; 7), Indiana University, →ISBN, page 107