Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ȫrdek

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

A metathesized form, *ȫdrek, appears to have risen at an early date.

While usually considered simplex, there have been several proposals regarding its etymology:

• Nişanyan considers the possibility *ȫdrek might be the original form and puts forth a derivation from *öt- (“to chirp”), however he does elaborate on its morphology or phonology.
• Clauson suggests a derivation from *ȫr- (“to rise”) in reference to ducks rising out of the water, however there does not exist a suffix *-dek.
• EDAL reconstructs *Ebür(d)ek in order to connect it with Proto-Tungusic *ābu- (“a kind of duck”) and Japanese 鵜 (u, “cormorant”) under the disputed Altaic theory.

Noun

*ȫrdek

1. (Common Turkic, ornithology) duck

Declension

Declension of *ȫrdek

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*ȫrdek
Accusative	*ȫrdekig, *ȫrdekni1)
Genitive	*ȫrdekniŋ
Dative	*ȫrdekke
Locative	*ȫrdekde
Ablative	*ȫrdekden
Allative	*ȫrdekgerü
Instrumental 2)	*ȫrdekin
Equative 2)	*ȫrdekče
Similative 2)	*ȫrdekleyü
Comitative 2)	*ȫrdekligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: irdək
• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: ördək
      • Ottoman Turkish: اوردك (ördek)
        • Gagauz: ördek
        • Turkish: ördek
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: ördek
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: اُرْدَكْ (ördek, “duck, goose”)
    • Uyghur: ئۆردەك (ördek)
    • Uzbek: oʻrdak
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: өйрәк (öyrək), үрҙәк (ürźək)
    • Tatar: үрдәк (ürdäk)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: үйрек (üirek)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: өрдөк (ördök)
    • Southern Altai: ӧртӧк (örtök)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ödrek), [script needed] (ödirek), [script needed] (ördek)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tuvan: өдүрек (ödürek)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ördek”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 205
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ördek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill