Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ōyna-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ōyun (“game”) +‎ *-a.

Verb

*ōyna-

1. (intransitive) to play
2. (transitive) to play an instrument
3. (transitive, intransitive) to play with

Conjugation

Conjugation of *ōyna- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive			*ōynamak
participle	present		*ōynagan, ōynagma, ōynar
	past		*ōynaduk, ōynamïš
	future		*ōynadačï, ōynamakčï, ōynasïk, ōynayačak
verbal noun			*ōynama, ōynag, ōynagu
way of doing			*ōynaš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*ōynar ben	*ōynar sen	*ōynar	*ōynar biz	*ōynar siz	*ōynar
	past	simple	*ōynadïm	*ōynadïŋ	*ōynadï	*ōynadïk, ōynadïmïz	*ōynadïŋïz	*ōynadï
		inferential	*ōynamïš ben	*ōynamïš sen	*ōynamïš	*ōynamïš biz	*ōynamïš siz	*ōynamïš
	future	simple	*ōynadačï ben, ōynamakčï ben, ōynayačak ben	*ōynadačï sen, ōynamakčï sen, ōynayačak sen	*ōynadačï, ōynamakčï, ōynayačak	*ōynadačï biz, ōynamakčï biz, ōynayačak biz	*ōynadačï siz, ōynamakčï siz, ōynayačak siz	*ōynadačï, ōynamakčï, ōynayačak
		predictive	*ōynagay ben	*ōynagay sen	*ōynagay	*ōynagay biz	*ōynagay siz	*ōynagay
		necessitive	*ōynasïkïm	*ōynasïkïŋ	*ōynasïk	*ōynasïkïmïz	*ōynasïkïŋïz	*ōynasïk
conditional			*ōynasam, ōynasar ben	*ōynasaŋ, ōynasar sen	*ōynasa, ōynasar	*ōynasak, ōynasamïz, ōynasar biz	*ōynasaŋïz, ōynasar siz	*ōynasalar, ōynasar
optative			*ōynagay ben	*ōynagay sen	*ōynagay	*ōynagay biz	*ōynagay siz	*ōynagay
progressive			*ōynamakda ben	*ōynamakda sen	*ōynamakda	*ōynamakda biz	*ōynamakda siz	*ōynamakda
necessitative			*ōynamalïg ben	*ōynamalïg sen	*ōynamalïg	*ōynamalïg biz	*ōynamalïg siz	*ōynamalïg
imperative			*ōynayayïn	*ōyna, ōynagïl	*ōynazun	*ōynayalïm	*ōynayïŋ	*ōynazun
Negative
infinitive			*ōynamamak
participle	present		*ōynamagan, ōynamagma, ōynamaz
	past		*ōynamaduk, ōynamamïš
	future		*ōynamačï, ōynamasïk, ōynamayačak
verbal noun			*ōynamama, ōynamag, ōynamagu
way of doing			*ōynamaš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*ōynamaz ben	*ōynamaz sen	*ōynamaz	*ōynamaz biz	*ōynamaz siz	*ōynamaz
	past	simple	*ōynamadïm	*ōynamadïŋ	*ōynamadï	*ōynamadïk, ōynamadïmïz	*ōynamadïŋïz	*ōynamadï
		inferential	*ōynamamïš ben	*ōynamamïš sen	*ōynamamïš	*ōynamamïš biz	*ōynamamïš siz	*ōynamamïš
	future	simple	*ōynamačï ben, ōynamayačak ben	*ōynamačï sen, ōynamayačak sen	*ōynamačï, ōynamayačak	*ōynamačï biz, ōynamayačak biz	*ōynamačï siz, ōynamayačak siz	*ōynamačï, ōynamayačak
		predictive	*ōynamagay ben	*ōynamagay sen	*ōynamagay	*ōynamagay biz	*ōynamagay siz	*ōynamagay
		necessitive	*ōynamasïkïm	*ōynamasïkïŋ	*ōynamasïk	*ōynamasïkïmïz	*ōynamasïkïŋïz	*ōynamasïk
conditional			*ōynamasam, ōynamasar ben	*ōynamasaŋ, ōynamasar sen	*ōynamasa, ōynamasar	*ōynamasak, ōynamasamïz, ōynamasar biz	*ōynamasaŋïz, ōynamasar siz	*ōynamasalar, ōynamasar
optative			*ōynamagay ben	*ōynamagay sen	*ōynamagay	*ōynamagay biz	*ōynamagay siz	*ōynamagay
progressive			*ōynamamakda ben	*ōynamamakda sen	*ōynamamakda	*ōynamamakda biz	*ōynamamakda siz	*ōynamamakda
necessitative			*ōynamamalïg ben	*ōynamamalïg sen	*ōynamamalïg	*ōynamamalïg biz	*ōynamamalïg siz	*ōynamamalïg
imperative			*ōynamayayïn	*ōynama, ōynamagïl	*ōynamazun	*ōynamayalïm	*ōynamayïŋ	*ōynamazun

Descendants

• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: oynamaq
• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: oynamaq
    • Ottoman Turkish: اوینامق (oynamak)
      • Turkish: oynamak
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: oýnamak
• Karluk:
  • Uyghur: ئوينىماق (oynimaq)
  • Uzbek: oʻynamoq
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: уйнау (uynaw)
    • Tatar: уйнау (uynaw)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: oynamaq
    • Kumyk: ойнамакъ (oynamaq)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: [script needed] (oyna-)
    • Kazakh: ойнау (oinau)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: ойноо (oynoo)
    • Southern Altai: ойноор (oynoor)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: wynʾ- (oyna-)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: оойноо (ooynoo), оойньоо (ooyńoo)
    • Yakut: оонньоо (oonnyoo)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tuvan: ойнаар (oynaar)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: ойнирға (oynirğa)
      • Shor: турарға (turarğa)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “oyna:-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 275
• Tekin, Talât (1995) “ōyun”, in Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler (Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi; 13)‎^[1], Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 177
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 436
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 359
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*oj-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill