Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/āčïg

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *āčï- (“to become bitter, sour”) +‎ *-g.

Adjective

*āčïg

1. bitter, acid
2. pain

Declension

Declension of *āčïg

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*āčïg
Accusative	*āčïgïg, *āčïgnï1)
Genitive	*āčïgnïŋ
Dative	*āčïgka
Locative	*āčïgda
Ablative	*āčïgdan
Allative	*āčïggaru
Instrumental 2)	*āčïgïn
Equative 2)	*āčïgča
Similative 2)	*āčïglayu
Comitative 2)	*āčïglïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: йӳҫӗ (jüś̬ĕ)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: hâçığ
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: آجُو (acu)
    • Azerbaijani: acı
      • → Armenian: ա̈ջի (äǰi) — Karabakh
    • Gagauz: acı
    • Ottoman Turkish: آجی (acı)
      • Turkish: acı
      • → Armenian: աճի (ači) — Constantinople
  • Salar: acı
  • Turkmen: ājy
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: اَجِغْ (ačïğ)
    • Uyghur: ئاچچىق (achchiq)
    • Uzbek: achchiq
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: әсе (əse), асы (ası)
    • Tatar: ачы (açı)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: accı, aççı
    • Karachay-Balkar: ачы (açı)
    • Kumyk: аччы (aççı)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: ащы (aşy)
    • Nogai: ашшы (aşşı)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: ачуу (acuu)
    • Southern Altai: ачу (aču)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: аһыы (ahıı)
    • Yakut: аһыы (ahıı)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*iāčɨ-g”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 20-21