Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zinǫti
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Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Per Rix (LIV), from a nasal-infix form Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-né-h₁- with metathesis from the root *ǵʰeh₁y-, with analogical lengthening of the vowel to *-ī- from the metathesized zero-grade *ǵʰih₁-. Derksen is unconvinced of the nasal-infix explanation, but agrees on the root involved. Cognate with Old Norse gína (“to yap, to yawn”), gina (“to yawn”), gine (“to be wide open”), Old High German ginēn (“to be wide open”). More distantly cognate with Lithuanian žióvauti (“to yawn”), Latvian žàvât (“to yawn”) (East Latvian dialectal, where the sustained and falling tones have merged), Lithuanian žióti (“to open one's mouth”), Latin hiō (“to yawn”).
Verb
[edit]*zìnǫti pf
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of *zinǫti, *zinǫ, *zinetь (perf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*zinovenьje | *zinǫti | *zinǫtъ | *zinǫlъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *zinovenъ | — |
Active | *zinǫvъ | — |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *zinǫxъ | *zinǫ | *zinǫ | *zinǫ | *zineši | *zinetь |
Dual | *zinǫxově | *zinǫsta | *zinǫste | *zinevě | *zineta | *zinete |
Plural | *zinǫxomъ | *zinǫste | *zinǫšę | *zinemъ | *zinete | *zinǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | — | — | — | — | *zini | *zini |
Dual | — | — | — | *ziněvě | *ziněta | — |
Plural | — | — | — | *ziněmъ | *ziněte | — |
- Notes:
- In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
[edit]- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “зия́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 325
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zinǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 545
- Zhuravlyov, A. F., editor (2010), “*orz(ъ)zinǫti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 36 (*orz(ъ)zeleněti/*orz(ъ)zeleniti (sę) – *otъgrěbati (sę)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 9
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “g̑ʰeh₁i̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 173–174
Categories:
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰeh₁y-
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰeh₂-
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic verbs
- Proto-Slavic perfective verbs
- sla-conj with extra parameters/n
- Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -n-
- Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a