Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zinǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Rix (LIV), from a nasal-infix form Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-né-h₁- with metathesis from the root *ǵʰeh₁y-, with analogical lengthening of the vowel to *-ī- from the metathesized zero-grade *ǵʰih₁-. Derksen is unconvinced of the nasal-infix explanation, but agrees on the root involved. Cognate with Old Norse gína (“to yap, to yawn”), gina (“to yawn”), gine (“to be wide open”), Old High German ginēn (“to be wide open”). More distantly cognate with Lithuanian žióvauti (“to yawn”), Latvian žàvât (“to yawn”) (East Latvian dialectal, where the sustained and falling tones have merged), Lithuanian žióti (“to open one's mouth”), Latin hiō (“to yawn”).

Verb

*zìnǫti pf

to gape, to open (one's mouth)

Inflection

Conjugation of *zinǫti, *zinǫ, *zinetь (perf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zinovenьje	*zinǫti	*zinǫtъ	*zinǫlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*zinovenъ	—
Active	*zinǫvъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zinǫxъ	*zinǫ	*zinǫ	*zinǫ	*zineši	*zinetь
Dual	*zinǫxově	*zinǫsta	*zinǫste	*zinevě	*zineta	*zinete
Plural	*zinǫxomъ	*zinǫste	*zinǫšę	*zinemъ	*zinete	*zinǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*zini	*zini
Dual	—	—	—	*ziněvě	*ziněta	—
Plural	—	—	—	*ziněmъ	*ziněte	—

In perfective verbs, present expresses future

*zijati, *zьjati (“to gape, to be wide open”)
*zěvati (“to yawn”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: зинѫти (zinǫti), зинути (zinuti)
  - Old Ruthenian: зинути (zinuti)
  - Russian: зи́нуть (zínutʹ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Glagolitic script: ⰸⰻⱀⱘⱅⰻ (zinǫti)
  
  Old Cyrillic script: зинѫти (zinǫti)
  - Bulgarian: зи́на (zína)
  - Macedonian: зине (zine)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: зи̏нути
  
  Latin script: zȉnuti
- Slovene: zíniti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- ⇒ Old Czech: pozinúti (“to swallow up”)
- Polish: zionąć

References

Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “зия́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 325
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zinǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 545
Zhuravlyov, A. F., editor (2010), “*orz(ъ)zinǫti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 36 (*orz(ъ)zeleněti/*orz(ъ)zeleniti (sę) – *otъgrěbati (sę)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 9
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “g̑ʰeh₁i̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 173–174