Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zěvati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Cognates include Lithuanian žióvauti, Latvian žàvât, Old High German giwēn, gewōn. See *zijati for more cognates.

Verb

*zěvàti

1. to yawn

Inflection

Conjugation of *zěvati, *zěva, *zěvajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zěvanьje	*zěvati	*zěvatъ	*zěvalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*zěvanъ	*zěvajemъ
Active	*zěvavъ	*zěvaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zěvaxъ	*zěva	*zěva	*zěvajǫ	*zěvaješi	*zěvajetь
Dual	*zěvaxově	*zěvasta	*zěvaste	*zěvajevě	*zěvajeta	*zěvajete
Plural	*zěvaxomъ	*zěvaste	*zěvašę	*zěvajemъ	*zěvajete	*zěvajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zěvaaxъ	*zěvaaše	*zěvaaše	—	*zěvaji	*zěvaji
Dual	*zěvaaxově	*zěvaašeta	*zěvaašete	*zěvajivě	*zěvajita	—
Plural	*zěvaaxomъ	*zěvaašete	*zěvaaxǫ	*zěvajimъ	*zěvajite	—

Related terms

Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰeh₂- (0 c, 13 e)

• *zijati (“to gape”)
• *zìnǫti (“to gape”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: зѣвати (zěvati)
    • Old Ruthenian: зѣва́ти (zěváti)
      • Belarusian: зява́ць (zjavácʹ)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: зїва́ти (zjiváty)
      • Ukrainian: зіва́ти (ziváty)
    • Russian: зева́ть (zevátʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: зѣвати (zěvati)

    • ⇒ Bulgarian: прозя̀вам (prozjàvam)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: зѐвати

    Latin: zèvati

  • Slovene: zẹ́vati (tonal orthography), 1sg. zẹ́vam (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Kashubian: zewiac
  • Old Czech: zievati
    • Czech: zívat
  • Old Polish: dziewać, ziewać
    • Polish: ziewać
    • Silesian: ziywać
  • Polabian: *zevăt (attested in 3sg. "zevă" or "zevĕ")
  • Slovak: zívať
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: zywać

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 542
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зевать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress