Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъrkati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

• *tьrkati (formally expected)

Etymology

Vasmer presumes onomatopoeic origin. Snoj derives it from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tr̥H-kе́h₂-ti, from a k-extension of *terh₁- (“to prick, pierce”) (whence Proto-Slavic *terti). Possible influenced by *tъrkъ (“sudden move, shift”). Related to Lithuanian tùrkti (“to scour, to sweep”) (obsolete), perhaps tur̃kti (“to resonate, to rasp (of sound)”).

Verb

*tъ̀rkati impf

1. (North Slavic) to shove, to throb, to prod
2. (South Slavic) to rub, to scrub

Inflection

Conjugation of *tъrkati, *tъrka, *tъrkajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tъrkanьje	*tъrkati	*tъrkatъ	*tъrkalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tъrkanъ	*tъrkajemъ
Active	*tъrkavъ	*tъrkaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъrkaxъ	*tъrka	*tъrka	*tъrkajǫ	*tъrkaješi	*tъrkajetь
Dual	*tъrkaxově	*tъrkasta	*tъrkaste	*tъrkajevě	*tъrkajeta	*tъrkajete
Plural	*tъrkaxomъ	*tъrkaste	*tъrkašę	*tъrkajemъ	*tъrkajete	*tъrkajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъrkaaxъ	*tъrkaaše	*tъrkaaše	—	*tъrkaji	*tъrkaji
Dual	*tъrkaaxově	*tъrkaašeta	*tъrkaašete	*tъrkajivě	*tъrkajita	—
Plural	*tъrkaaxomъ	*tъrkaašete	*tъrkaaxǫ	*tъrkajimъ	*tъrkajite	—

Related terms

• *terti (“to rub”)
• *tьrstь (“reed”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: тарка́ць (tarkácʹ)
  • Russian: то́ркать (tórkatʹ)
  • Ukrainian: торка́ти (torkáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: тъ́ркам (tǎ́rkam)
  • Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: tȑkati
  • Slovene: tr̄kati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: trkat, strkati
  • Middle Polish: tarchać, tarkać
    • Polish: turkać
  • Slovak: strkať
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: starkaś
    • Upper Sorbian: storkać

References

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “торкать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “торкати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka