Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stydъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

The meaning was originally "that which makes something freeze, stiffen, contract, cold," see *studъ (“cold, shame”).

Noun

*stydъ m

1. shame

Declension

Declension of *stydъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*stydъ	*styda	*stydi
genitive	*styda	*stydu	*stydъ
dative	*stydu	*stydoma	*stydomъ
accusative	*stydъ	*styda	*stydy
instrumental	*stydъmь, *stydomь*	*stydoma	*stydy
locative	*stydě	*stydu	*styděxъ
vocative	*styde	*styda	*stydi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *studiti (“to cool”)
• *studъ (“cold, shame”)
• *studenъ (“cold”)
• *stydnǫti (“to become cold”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: *стꙑдъ (*stydŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: стыдъ (styd)
      • Belarusian: стыд (styd) (dialectal)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: стыд (stŷd)
      • Ukrainian: стид (styd)
    • Middle Russian: стыдъ (styd) (16-18ᵗʰ c.)
      • Russian: стыд (styd)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: стꙑдъ (stydŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱏⰺⰴⱏ (stydŭ)

  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: сти̑д

    Latin script: stȋd

    • Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: stȋd
  • Slovene: stȋd (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: styd
  • Kashubian: wstid; stid (rare)
  • Polish: wstyd
    • → Old Ruthenian: встыдъ (vstyd), усты́дъ (ustýd)
      • Ukrainian: встид (vstyd), усти́д (ustýd) (dialectal)

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 473
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сты́д”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress