Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stojiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Denominal from Proto-Slavic *stojь + *-iti.

The South Slavic descendants are used in parallel to the imperfective Proto-Slavic *stojati to denote punctual events. The East Slavic forms have been reinterpreted as imperfective around 18 cent., probably under the influence of Polish stać (“to cost, to be worth”), a calque of German kosten.

Verb

*stojiti pf (imperfective *stojati)

(intransitive) to transpire, to take place/effect
(transitive) to adjust, to bring in position
(reflexive) to bring oneself under some condition

Conjugation

Conjugation of *stojiti, *stoji, *stojitь (perf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*stojenьje	*stojiti	*stojitъ	*stojilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*stojenъ	—
Active	*stojь	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*stojixъ	*stoji	*stoji	*stojǫ	*stojiši	*stojitь
Dual	*stojixově	*stojista	*stojiste	*stojivě	*stojita	*stojite
Plural	*stojixomъ	*stojiste	*stojišę	*stojimъ	*stojite	*stojętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*stoji	*stoji
Dual	—	—	—	*stojivě	*stojita	—
Plural	—	—	—	*stojimъ	*stojite	—

(*)*stojivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Later:

Conjugation of *stojiti, *stoji, *stojitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*stojenьje	*stojiti	*stojitъ	*stojilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*stojenъ	*stojimъ
Active	*stojь	*stoję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*stojixъ	*stoji	*stoji	*stojǫ	*stojiši	*stojitь
Dual	*stojixově	*stojista	*stojiste	*stojivě	*stojita	*stojite
Plural	*stojixomъ	*stojiste	*stojišę	*stojimъ	*stojite	*stojętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*stojaaxъ	*stojaaše	*stojaaše	—	*stoji	*stoji
Dual	*stojaaxově	*stojaašeta	*stojaašete	*stojivě	*stojita	—
Plural	*stojaaxomъ	*stojaašete	*stojaaxǫ	*stojimъ	*stojite	—

(*)*stojivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: сто́ить (stóitʹ, “to cost, to be worth”)
- Ukrainian: сто́ïти (stóïty, “to cost, to be worth”)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: стоя́ (stojá), сто́вам (stóvam, “to get involved, to become”) (rare, dialectal)
  - ⇒ Bulgarian: съ́стоя (sǎ́stoja, “to take place”), застоя́ (zastojá, “to fixate, to immobilize”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: стоити (rare)
  
  Latin script: stojiti (rare)