Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/somъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śámas, cognate to Latvian sams, Lithuanian šãmas, further etymology unknown.

Noun

*sòmъ m

1. catfish

Declension

Declension of *sòmъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sòmъ	*somà	*somì
genitive	*somà	*somù	*sòmъ
dative	*somù	*somòma	*somòmъ
accusative	*sòmъ	*somà	*somỳ
instrumental	*somъ̀mь, *somòmь*	*somòma	*sòmy
locative	*somě̀	*somù	*sòměxъ
vocative	*some	*somà	*somì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old Ruthenian: сомъ (som)
    • Belarusian: сом (som)
    • Ukrainian: сом (som); сім (sim), сум (sum), сон (son) (dialectal)
  • Middle Russian: сомъ (som)
    • Russian: сом (som)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: сом (som)
  • Macedonian: сом (som)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: со̏м

    Latin script: sȍm

  • Slovene: sòm (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: som
    • ⇒ Czech: sumec
  • Old Polish: som
    • Polish: sum
  • Old Slovak: som
    • Slovak: sumec
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: som

Further reading

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sòmъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 461
• Derksen, Rick (2015) “šamas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 440
• Kolomijec, V. T. (1983) Происхождение общеславянских названий рыб [The Origin of the Common Slavic Names of Fish] (К IX Международному съезду славистов) (in Russian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, pages 106-109
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сом”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress