Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sabľa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Of Eastern origin, probably from Turkic language (compare Turkish sap (“handle, stalk, stem”)) or less likely from Hungarian szablya (“sabre”), from szabni (“to tailor”).

Noun

*sabľa f

1. sabre

Declension

Declension of *sabľa (soft a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sabľa	*sabľi	*sabľę̇
genitive	*sabľę̇	*sabľu	*sabľь
dative	*sabľi	*sabľama	*sabľamъ
accusative	*sabľǫ	*sabľi	*sabľę̇
instrumental	*sabľejǫ, *sabľǫ**	*sabľama	*sabľami
locative	*sabľi	*sabľu	*sabľasъ, *sabľaxъ*
vocative	*sabľe	*sabľi	*sabľę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic
  • Old East Slavic: саблꙗ (sablja)
    • Russian: са́бля (sáblja)
• South Slavic
  • Bulgarian: са́бя (sábja)
    • → Romanian: sabie
  • Macedonian: сабја (sabja)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: са̏бља

    Latin script: sȁblja

    • →? Hungarian: szablya
      • Old Polish:
        • → Polish: szabla (mazurzenie dialects)
          • → Belarusian: ша́бля (šáblja)
          • → Italian: sciabola
          • → Ukrainian: ша́бля (šáblja)
        • →? Middle High German: sabel
          • German: Säbel
            • → Danish: sabel
            • → Dutch: sabel
              • Afrikaans: sabel
              • → Japanese: サーベル (sāberu)
              • → Papiamentu: sabel (dated)
              • → Indonesian: sabel
            • → French: sabre
              • → English: sabre
            • → Norwegian: sabel
            • → Swedish: sabel
  • Slovene: sȃblja (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic
  • Czech: šavle (š is from Polish influence)
  • Slovak: šabľa (š is from Polish influence)
  • Sorbian
    • Lower Sorbian: zabla

References

• “Proto-Slavic/sabľa”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
• "сабля" in П. Я. Черных (1999), Историко-этимологический словарь современного русского языка
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сабля”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “шабля”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress