Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pęstь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pn̥kʷstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“punch”). Cognate with Lithuanian kumštis (with metathesis and loss of *p) and Proto-West Germanic *fūsti.

Noun

*pę̑stь f

1. fist

Declension

Declension of *pęstь (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pęstь	*pęsti	*pęsti
genitive	*pęsti	*pęstьju, *pęsťu*	*pęstьjь, *pęsti*
dative	*pęsti	*pęstьma	*pęstьmъ
accusative	*pęstь	*pęsti	*pęsti
instrumental	*pęstьjǫ, *pęsťǫ*	*pęstьma	*pęstьmi
locative	*pęsti	*pęstьju, *pęsťu*	*pęstьxъ
vocative	*pęsti	*pęsti	*pęsti

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• Old Church Slavonic: пѧсть (pęstĭ) (Serbian recension)

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: пясць (pjascʹ)
  • Russian: пясть (pjastʹ)
    • ⇒ Russian: запя́стье (zapjástʹje)
  • Ukrainian: п'ясть (pʺjastʹ)
    • ⇒ Ukrainian: зап'я́стя (zapʺjástja)
    • ⇒ Ukrainian: п'я́сток (pʺjástok)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian:
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: пестни́к (pestník), песни́к (pesník)
  • Macedonian:
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: пе̏ст

    Latin: pȅst

    ⇒ Serbo-Croatian: pèsnica

    ⇒ Serbo-Croatian: пѐсница

  • Slovene: pest
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: pěst
    • Czech: pěst
  • Kashubian: pisc
  • Polish: pięść
  • Polabian: pąst
  • Slovak: päsť
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: pěsć
    • Upper Sorbian: pjasć

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пясть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pęstь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 399