Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nyti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

• Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nūˀ(d)-, cognate with Lithuanian panū́sti (“to yearn”). Derksen considers the most likely cognates outside of Balto-Slavic to be Old High German nôt (“need, force”), Old English nēod (“need”), English need, which may contain a Proto-Indo-European suffix *-ti- based off of a root *newH- (or *new-). Derksen assumes a relationship with *nùditi (“to compel, to force”) and *nùtiti (“to compel, to force”), which may have distinct root enlargements on top of the same underlying root.
• Vasmer, Trubačev (ESSJa), Chernykh: Cognate with Old East Slavic навь (navĭ), навье (navĭje, “dead man”), Lithuanian nõvyti (“to torment, to ruin, to afflict”), Latvian nâvêt (“to kill”), Latvian nâvîtiês (“to worry, to agonize”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍃 (naus, “dead man, corpse”) (from Proto-Germanic *nawiz (“corpse”)), Old Irish núnа (“hunger”), from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w-.

Verb

*nyti impf

1. to yearn

Inflection

Conjugation of *nyti, *ny, *nyjetь (impf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*nytьje	*nyti	*nytъ	*nylъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*nytъ	*nyjemъ
Active	*nyvъ	*nyję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*nyxъ	*ny	*ny	*nyjǫ	*nyješi	*nyjetь
Dual	*nyxově	*nysta	*nyste	*nyjevě	*nyjeta	*nyjete
Plural	*nyxomъ	*nyste	*nyšę	*nyjemъ	*nyjete	*nyjǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*nyjaaxъ	*nyjaaše	*nyjaaše	—	*nyji	*nyji
Dual	*nyjaaxově	*nyjaašeta	*nyjaašete	*nyjivě	*nyjita	—
Plural	*nyjaaxomъ	*nyjaašete	*nyjaaxǫ	*nyjimъ	*nyjite	—

Related terms

• *nùditi, *nǫ̀diti (“to compel, to force”)
• *nutiti, *nǫtiti (“to compel, to force”)
• *nukati, *nǫkati (“to urge, to incite”)
• *nùďa, *nǫ̀ďa (“need”)
• *unyti (“to lose heart, to be cast down, to be dejected or depressed”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: нꙑти (nyti)
    • Belarusian: ныць (nycʹ)
    • Russian: ныть (nytʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ни́ти (nýty)
• South Slavic:
  • ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: оунꙑти (unyti)
  • ⇒ Bulgarian: унѝвам (unìvam)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: nýti
    • Czech: nýt
  • Kashubian: nyc, nëc
  • Polish: nyć (obsolete)
  • Slovak: nyť (poetic)
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: nyć

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ныть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ныть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 582
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nyti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 26 (*novoukъ(jь) – *obgorditi), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 66