Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mǫčiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mánˀkīˀtei.

Verb

*mǫ̀čiti impf

1. to torture, to torment

Inflection

Conjugation of *mǫčiti, *mǫči, *mǫčitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*mǫčenьje	*mǫčiti	*mǫčitъ	*mǫčilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*mǫčenъ	*mǫčimъ
Active	*mǫčь	*mǫčę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*mǫčixъ	*mǫči	*mǫči	*mǫčǫ	*mǫčiši	*mǫčitь
Dual	*mǫčixově	*mǫčista	*mǫčiste	*mǫčivě	*mǫčita	*mǫčite
Plural	*mǫčixomъ	*mǫčiste	*mǫčišę	*mǫčimъ	*mǫčite	*mǫčętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*mǫčaaxъ	*mǫčaaše	*mǫčaaše	—	*mǫči	*mǫči
Dual	*mǫčaaxově	*mǫčaašeta	*mǫčaašete	*mǫčivě	*mǫčita	—
Plural	*mǫčaaxomъ	*mǫčaašete	*mǫčaaxǫ	*mǫčimъ	*mǫčite	—

Notes:
• (*)*mǫčivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *mę̀knǫti (“to become soft”)
• *mę̏kъkъ (“soft”)
• *mǫ̀ka (“torture, torment”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: мꙋчити (mučiti)
    • Belarusian: му́чыць (múčycʹ)
    • Russian: му́чить (múčitʹ)
    • Ukrainian: му́чити (múčyty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: мѫчити (mǫčiti)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: мъ́ча (mǎ́ča)
  • Macedonian: мачи (mači)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: му̏чити

    Latin script: mȕčiti

  • Slovene: múčiti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: mučiti
    • Czech: mučit
  • Old Polish: męczyć
    • Polish: męczyć
  • Slovak: mučiť
  • Slovincian: mãczic
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: mučić
    • Lower Sorbian: mucyś

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “му́чить”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 551
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “му́чить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 438
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1994), “*mǫčiti II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 20 (*morzatъjь – *mъrsknǫti), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 114