Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lukъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*lukъ – Allium cepa

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”). Compare Low German look, Look, German Lauch, Swedish lök.

Noun

*lukъ m

1. (usually uncountable) onion, leek (Allium cepa, Allium ampeloprasum and its bulb and its leaves)

Inflection

Declension of *lukъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lukъ	*lùka	*lùci
genitive	*lùka	*lùku	*lùkъ
dative	*lùku	*lùkoma	*lùkomъ
accusative	*lukъ	*lùka	*lùky
instrumental	*lùkъmь, *lùkomь*	*lùkoma	*lùkȳ
locative	*lùcě	*lùku	*lùcě̄xъ
vocative	*lùče	*lùka	*lùci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: лукъ (lukŭ, “onion”)
    • Old Ruthenian: лукъ (luk, “onion”)
      • Belarusian: лук (luk, “onion”) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: лук (luk, “onion”) (dialectal)
    • Russian: лук (luk, “onion; garlic”) (see there for further descendants)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: лоукъ (lukŭ, “garlic, onion”)

    Glagolitic script: ⰾⱆⰽⱏ (lukŭ, “garlic, onion”)

    • Russian Church Slavonic: лукъ (lukŭ)
  • Bulgarian: лук (luk, “onion; garlic”)
  • Macedonian: лук (luk, “garlic”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: лу̏к (“onion; garlic”)

    Latin script: lȕk (“onion; garlic”)

  • Old Slovene: luk (“onion”)
    • Slovene: lùk (“leek, onion”); lòk (“garlic”) (dialectal)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: luk (“garlic”)
  • Polabian: lauk (“garlic”)
  • Kashubian: łëk (“chives”)
  • Old Polish: łuk (“leek”)
    • Polish: łuk (“garlic; hyacinth”) (regional)
  • Slovak: luk (regional)

• Baltic:
  • → Latvian: loki
  • → Old Lithuanian: lūkai

References

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*lukъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 16 (*lokadlo – *lъživьcь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 172
• Olander, Thomas (2001) “lukъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 147; PR 131; RPT 101)”
• Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎^[2], Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 87–88