Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jakъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *ja (“this”) +‎ *-kъ. Compare *kakъ, *takъ etc.^[1]

Alternative forms

*akъ (The Slovak form and some material from *jako (“how”) may point to a variant without j.)

Determiner

*jakъ^[2]^[3]

of this kind
Synonym: *kakъ
of what/which kind (interrogative, relative)
Synonym: *kakъ

Declension

Declension of *jakъ (hard pronominal)

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*jakъ	*jaka	*jako
Accusative	*jakъ	*jakǫ	*jako
Genitive	*jakogo	*jakoję̇	*jakogo
Locative	*jakomь	*jakoji	*jakomь
Dative	*jakomu	*jakoji	*jakomu
Instrumental	*jacěmь	*jakojǫ	*jacěmь
Dual	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*jaka	*jacě	*jacě
Accusative	*jaka	*jacě	*jacě
Genitive	*jakoju	*jakoju	*jakoju
Locative	*jakoju	*jakoju	*jakoju
Dative	*jacěma	*jacěma	*jacěma
Instrumental	*jacěma	*jacěma	*jacěma
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*jaci	*jaky	*jaka
Accusative	*jaky	*jaky	*jaka
Genitive	*jacěxъ	*jacěxъ	*jacěxъ
Locative	*jacěxъ	*jacěxъ	*jacěxъ
Dative	*jacěmъ	*jacěmъ	*jacěmъ
Instrumental	*jacěmi	*jacěmi	*jacěmi

Derived terms

*jako (“how”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: ꙗкїй (jakij), ꙗки (jaki), єкїй (jekij)
  - Belarusian: які́ (jakí)
  - Carpathian Rusyn: якы́й (jakŷ́j)
  - Ukrainian: яки́й (jakýj)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: ꙗкъ (jakŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: як (jak, “strong”)
- Macedonian: јак (jak, “strong, fertile”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ја̑к (“strong”)
  
  Latin script: jȃk (“strong”)
- Slovene: jȃk (“strong, prominent, neat”) (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jaký
  - Czech: jaký
- Old Polish: jaki
  - Old Polish: jeki
  - Polish: jaki
  - Silesian: jaki
- Old Slovak: aký, jaký
  - Pannonian Rusyn: яки (jaki)
  - Slovak: aký
- Polabian: joťĕ
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: jaczi
  - Slovincian: jakjy
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: jaki (obsolete)
  - Upper Sorbian: jakny (“prominent, strong, good”)

References

^ Antoine Meillet (1934) Общеславянский язык (in Russian), 2nd edition, translated from French, Moscow: Прогресс, published 2001, →ISBN, page 354
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*akъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 28: “prn. ‘such as’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “jakъ jaka jako”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 36, 109, 200; PR 139)”

[1] Antoine Meillet (1934) Общеславянский язык (in Russian), 2nd edition, translated from French, Moscow: Прогресс, published 2001, →ISBN, page 354

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*akъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 28: “prn. ‘such as’”

[3] Olander, Thomas (2001) “jakъ jaka jako”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 36, 109, 200; PR 139)”

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