Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gynǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Derksen, the root vowel stems from lengthening of the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *gʰubʰ- from the root *gʰewbʰ-, with the addition of the Proto-Slavic suffix *-nǫti; the acute tone of the root is a secondary development, common in verbs ending in *-nǫti. Compare *gubìti (“to destroy”), the corresponding causative. Also cognate with *gъbnǫti (“to bend”). Other scholars reconstruct the PIE root differently from Derksen; see discussion under *gъbnǫti.

Verb

*gỳnǫti

1. to perish

Inflection

Conjugation of *gynǫti, *gybe, *gynetь (?, -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gybenьje	*gynǫti	*gynǫtъ	*gyblъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*gybenъ	*gynomъ
Active	*gybъ	*gyny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gyb(ox)ъ	*gybe	*gybe	*gynǫ	*gyneši	*gynetь
Dual	*gyb(ox)ově	*gyb(e/os)ta	*gyb(e/os)te	*gynevě	*gyneta	*gynete
Plural	*gyb(ox)omъ	*gyb(e/os)te	*gybǫ, *gybošę	*gynemъ	*gynete	*gynǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gyněaxъ	*gyněaše	*gyněaše	—	*gyni	*gyni
Dual	*gyněaxově	*gyněašeta	*gyněašete	*gyněvě	*gyněta	—
Plural	*gyněaxomъ	*gyněašete	*gyněaxǫ	*gyněmъ	*gyněte	—

Alternative forms

• *gybnǫti (dialectal difference)

Derived terms

• *ugynǫti
• *pogynǫti
• *zagynǫti
• *jьzgynǫti
• *gybělь

Related terms

• *gubìti (“to destroy”)
• *gybati (“to perish? to bend? to break?”)
• *gъbnǫti (“to bend”)
• *gъbežь (“bend, joint”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: гꙑнꙋти (gynuti), гꙑбнꙋти (gybnuti)
    • Belarusian: гі́нуць (hínucʹ)
    • Russian: ги́бнуть (gíbnutʹ); low colloquial ги́нуть (gínutʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ги́нути (hýnuty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: гꙑбнѫти (gybnǫti)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: ги́на (gína)
  • Macedonian: гине (gine), гибне (gibne)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ги̏нути

    Latin script: gȉnuti

  • Slovene: gíniti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hynúti
    • Czech: hynout
  • Polabian: ďainǫt
  • Old Polish: ginąć
    • Polish: ginąć, archaic gibnąć
  • Slovak: hynúť
  • Slovincian: gjybnõc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: hinyć
    • Lower Sorbian: ginuś

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ги́бнуть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 186
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ги́бнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gybnǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 218